BackgroundThe endophytes of medicinal plants, such as Justicia adhatoda L., represent a promising and largely underexplored domain that is considered as a repository of biologically active compounds.ObjectivesThe aim of present study was isolation, identification, and biological evaluation of endophytic fungi associated with the J. adhatoda L. plant for the production of antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic compoundsMaterials and MethodsEndophytic fungi associated with the J. adhatoda L. plant were isolated from healthy plant parts and taxonomically characterized through morphological, microscopic, and 18S rDNA sequencing methods. The screening for bioactive metabolite production was achieved using ethyl acetate extracts, followed by the optimization of different parameters for maximum production of bioactive metabolites. Crude and partially purified extracts were used to determine the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic potentialResultsOut of six endophytic fungal isolates, Chaetomium sp. NF15 showed the most promising biological activity and was selected for detailed study. The crude ethyl acetate extract of NF15 isolate after cultivation under optimized culture conditions showed promising antimicrobial activity, with significant inhibition of the clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (87%, n=42), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (> 85%, n = 41), and Candida albicans (62%, n = 24).ConclusionsThe present study confirms the notion of selecting endophytic fungi of medicinal plant Justicia for the bioassay-guided isolation of its bioactive compounds, and demonstrates that endophytic fungus Chaetomium sp. NF15 could be a potential source of bioactive metabolites

This paper aims to investigate the effects of perceived organizational support, organizational values system, and job satisfaction on organizational commitment. The study was conducted in the educational sector of Pakistan. Building on the previous literature, the authors propose a model which links an organization's internal procedures/practices, employees' perceptions, views, and his/her level of contentment with his/her job, loyalty and emotions. Through the assumed connections between these aspects, the relationship among them was inspected and analyzed in the given study. To test the proposed model, the data was collected online from 210 faculty members and teachers from different universities in Pakistan. It was accomplished through convenient sampling. Moreover, a cross-sectional method was adopted for data gathering. As per the author's assumptions, the results generated through regression analysis provide shreds of evidence that there exists a significant positive relationship between organizational commitment, job satisfaction, organizational values, and perceived organizational support. The overall study displays the importance of providing support, improving job satisfaction, and clearly defining organizational values to the employees to enhance their organizational commitment. The study validates the significance of organizational practices over employees' attachment towards the organization and deepens the understanding of the determinants of organizational commitment. Furthermore, suggestions about theoretical and managerial practices of the given study have been discussed in the end.

The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effect and identify the phytochemical constituents of Moringa oleifera leaves and seeds extract on Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) clinical isolates using agar well diffusion method. The samples were collected from the premises of Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto. The Seeds and Leaves were collected fresh. They were extracted using methanol and ethyl acetate. Various concentrations from 100mg/ml to 500mg/ml were prepared. The test bacteria used is Staphylococcus aureus obtained from Microbiology laboratory of the Usmanu Danfodiyo University. The bacteria were re-identified using biochemical tests. The bacterial inoculums were standardized to McFarland scale 0.5. Zone of inhibition were read after 24 hours of incubation at 370C.The results of the antibacterial study revealed that the methanolic leaves extracts at 500 mg/ml had effect on S. aureus with zone of inhibition of 20mm. The methanolic seed extract have effect on S. aureus with zone of inhibition of 19.5mm. The MIC for the leave and seed extracts for Staphylococcus aureus was 250mg/ml. The MBC was 500mg/ml. The results of the phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoid, tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, volatile oil, saponin glycosides, and glycosides but anthraquinone and steroids were absent in the extracts. The zones of inhibition showed that both the methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts at 500mg/ml were active to all the tested bacteria. ANOVA and Duncan Multiple Mean Range test was used to analyze the data. Based on Duncan’s grouping, there is significant difference between the solvents and the concentrations used.

Models with bathtub-shaped failure rate function have been widely accepted in the field of reliability and medicine and are particularly useful in reliability related decision making and cost analysis. In this study, the additive Chen-Weibull (ACW) distribution with increasing and bathtub-shaped failure rates function is studied using Bayesian and non-Bayesian approach using two real data set. The Bayes estimator were obtained by assuming non-informative prior (Half-Cauchy) under square error loss function (SELF), the Laplace Approximation and Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) techniques conducted in R were used to approximate the posterior distribution of ACW model. In addition, the maximum product of spacing method (MPS) of estimation is also considered using mpsedist function in BMT package in R with good set of initial values of parameters. We compared the performance of the two difference estimation methods by using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. And the result showed that MPSEs method outperformed Bayesian approach