Nutraceuticals is a broad term derived from nutrition and pharmaceutical. Nutraceuticals are used as a part of food for preventing and treating many acute and chronic diseases. Nutraceuticals are divided into three main categories including herbs, nutrients and dietary supplements. The food products which are used as nutraceuticals are dietary fibers, prebiotics, probiotics, polyunsaturated fatty acids, antioxidants, spices and some other types of types of herbs and natural foods. Probiotics are ingested for their positive advantages in the digestive tract or systemic area like in the liver, brain, vagina or blood stream. Antioxidants are essential for treatment of almost all diseases because most chronic diseases occur due to oxidative stress. Flavonoids and phytochemicals have antioxidant properties due to which it act as therapeutic agents for various diseases such as anti-cancerous.Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are used for lowering the high levels of cholesterol in cardiovascular diseases and many inflammatory diseases.
Topical anesthesia is as effective as peribulbar anesthesia in terms of patient comfort and duration of surgery for 23-G pars plana vitrectomy in patients with vitreous hemorrhage.
Purpose: To compare the frequency of post-operative hypotony between 23G PPV and 25G PPV in advanced diabetic eye disease.
Study Design: Quasi experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted at department of Ophthalmology, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore from 7th April 2016 to 6th October 2016.
Methods: Total 100 cases of advanced diabetic eye disease with age ranging from 25 – 65 years and either gender were selected. Patients with nystagmus and claustrophobia, lamellar macular holes, epiretinal membrane and neovascular glaucoma were excluded. Patients were divided by lottery method into 2 groups. Data of the patient i.e. name, age, sex, patient’s registration number and address was recorded. Every patient had detailed preoperative work-up; including best corrected visual acuity by Snellen’s chart, intraocular pressure by applanation tonometer, indirect ophthalmoscopy and B-scan for retinal status. Group A underwent 23G PPV and group B underwent 25G PPV. Patients were followed after 24 hours of surgery to measure intraocular pressure to access hypotony.
Results: Mean age of patients in group A was 50.16 ± 10.40 years and in group B was 50.26 ± 9.91 years. Out of 100 patients 57 (57.0%) were females and 43 (43.0%) were males, with female to male ratio of 1.1:1. Post-operative hypotony was seen in 24 (48.0%) patients with 23G PPV and 02 (4.0%) patients with 25G PPV (p-value = 0.0001).
Conclusion: This study concluded that the frequency of post-operative hypotony in 23G Pars Plana Vitrectomy was higher as compared to 25G Pars Plana Vitrectomy in advanced diabetic eye disease.
Key Words: Diabetic retinopathy, Pars Plana Vitrectomy, Hypotony.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.