Purpose-This article proposes a brand new ontology development methodology, called Yet Another Methodology for Ontology (YAMO) and demonstrates step by step the building of a formally defined largescale faceted ontology for food. Design/Methodology/Approach-YAMO is motivated by facet analysis and analytico-synthetic classification approach. The approach ensures the quality of the system, more precisely; it makes the system flexible, hospitable, extensible, sturdy, dense and complete. YAMO consists of two way approach: top-down and bottom-up. Based on YAMO, domain food, formally defined large scale ontology is designed. To design the ontology and to define the scope and boundary of the domain, a group of people were interviewed to get a practical overview, which provided more insight to the theoretical understanding of the domain. Findings-The result obtained from evaluating the ontology is a very impressive one. Based on the study it was found that 94% of the user's queries were successfully met. This shows the efficiency and effectiveness of the YAMO methodology. An evaluator opined that the ontology is very deep and exhaustive. Practical implications-The authors envision is that the current work will have great implications on the ontology developers and practitioners. YAMO will allow the ontologists to construct a very deep, high quality and large-scale ontology. Originality-This paper illustrates a brand new ontology development methodology and demonstrates how the methodology can be applied to build large-scale high quality domain ontology.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the construction of a core ontology for food. To construct the core ontology, the authors propose here an approach called, yet another methodology for ontology plus (YAMO+). The goal is to exhibit the construction of a core ontology for a domain, which can be further extended and converted into application ontologies. Design/methodology/approach To motivate the construction of the core ontology for food, the authors have first articulated a set of application scenarios. The idea is that the constructed core ontology can be used to build application-specific ontologies for those scenarios. As part of the developmental approach to core ontology, the authors have proposed a methodology called YAMO+. It is designed following the theory of analytico-synthetic classification. YAMO+ is generic in nature and can be applied to build core ontologies for any domain. Findings Construction of a core ontology needs a thorough understanding of the domain and domain requirements. There are various challenges involved in constructing a core ontology as discussed in this paper. The proposed approach has proven to be sturdy enough to face the challenges that the construction of a core ontology poses. It is observed that core ontology is amenable to conversion to an application ontology. Practical implications The constructed core ontology for domain food can be readily used for developing application ontologies related to food. The proposed methodology YAMO+ can be applied to build core ontologies for any domain. Originality/value As per the knowledge, the proposed approach is the first attempt based on the study of the state of the art literature, in terms of, a formal approach to the design of a core ontology. Also, the constructed core ontology for food is the first one as there is no such ontology available on the web for domain food.
This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the issue of satisfaction level of tourists in Mashhad through an analytical method. The main purpose of the research is to assess the level of socio-cultural and environmental conditions and the tourist services facilities of Mashhad. Systematization literary sources and approaches for solving the problem of tourism development indicates that the tourism economy in Mashhad has special stability in terms of economic factors. Field studies were conducted during the period between April and June 2014 in the form of a questionnaire. For investigation of the topic, a total of 335 internal tourists in Mashhad were selected. For analyzing data and explaining the subject of the study, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, Spearman, Chi-Square, and one-sample t-tests were used to understand the relationship between tourist experience and socio-cultural as well as environmental conditions and infrastructure facilities respectively. The paper presents the results of an empirical analysis indicated that the tourists were largely satisfied with the socio-cultural and environmental conditions as well as existing infrastructure facilities. Accordingly, no significant (P-value<0.13) difference between men and women tourist population were shown. Meanwhile, the tourists with different levels of education had the same views on the consent for all parameters (Kruskal-Wallis test-4.035 P-value<0.13) of the tourists. The research empirically confirms and theoretically proves that no significant correlation between the length of residence and the level of satisfaction with tourism conditions (r=0/113, P-value<0.038), host society interactions (x2 = 106/107, P-value<0.000) and significant differences between attitudes of men and women (Mann-Whitney = 3753/5, P-value<0.000). Also, tourists with different educational levels had different views considering how to deal with the host community (Kruskal-Wallis test 10.754; P-value<0.005). The results of the research can be useful for sustainable development of the tourism industry and tourism management.
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