Gynecologic malignant neoplasms are a severe health problem among female patients, of which cervical cancer (CC), in particular, is a common disease leading to high mortality rates. Despite extensive attempts by researchers to solve the molecular mystery of CC, the mechanisms of its pathogenesis remain unclear. Tumor markers used in the clinical laboratory, such as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), cancer antigen (CA)-125, and CA19-9, provide some help in diagnosing patients with CC. However, finding new molecular markers with high sensitivity and specificity is necessary. This review focuses on the role of epigenetic changes, particularly microRNAs (miRNAs), to CC. Several miRNAs that associated with CC potentially have the advantage of being early biomarkers. Moreover, altered serum miRNAs or single nucleotide polymorphisms in miRNA patterns may predict disease progression.

Cerebral malaria is still a deleterious health problem in tropical countries. The wide spread of malarial drug resistance and the lack of an effective vaccine are obstacles for disease management and prevention. Parasite and human genetic factors play important roles in malaria susceptibility and disease severity. The malaria parasite exerted a potent selective signature on the human genome, which is apparent in the genetic polymorphism landscape of genes related to pathogenesis. Currently, much genomic data and a novel body of knowledge, including the identification of microRNAs, are being increasingly accumulated for the development of laboratory testing cassettes for cerebral malaria prevention. Therefore, understanding of the underlying complex molecular basis of cerebral malaria is important for the design of strategy for cerebral malaria treatment and control.

The cationic and anionic fragmentation of dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) molecule have been investigated in the energy range of the Cl K shell by using synchrotron radiation, ion yield spectroscopy, and electron-ion coincidence spectroscopy. Total and partial ion-yield and mass spectra have been recorded as a function of the photon energy. We were able to identify several singly and multiply charged cationic fragments and the following anionic species: H-; C-; Cl-. The present results provide the first experimental report of negative ion formation from a molecule excited at the Cl 1s edge. In addition, our electron-ion coincidence data provide strong evidence of the preservation of molecular alignment for the photodissociation of CH2Cl2 after deep core-electron resonant excitation.