To our knowledge this is the first study of renal function and the accuracy of urine based bladder cancer markers. Renal function influences the diagnostic yield. A decreased glomerular filtration rate was associated with increased false-positive nuclear matrix protein 22 results while proteinuria decreased urine cytology specificity. Renal function should be considered when urine based bladder cancer tests are interpreted.
BACKGROUND:The sensitivity of cytology for the detection of urothelial carcinoma (UC) is limited. Newer methods such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), immunocytology (uCytþ), and protein markers have been developed to improve urine-based detection of UC. As only little is known regarding the combined application of these markers, we investigated whether combinations of 4 of the most broadly available tests (cytology, FISH, uCytþ, and nuclear matrix
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