No abstract

α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity (AGL) of fruit wine samples made from blueberry, black chokeberry, blackberry, raspberry and sour cherry cultivars grown in Serbia was studied using an microvinification procedure. More precisely, both sugar and enzyme were added to the fruit must 2 before fermentation for half of the samples. This increased the extraction of phenolic compounds.All the samples showed higher bioactivity compared to acarbose, the compound used as a positive control. Blueberry (IC 50 ~27 ± 1 µg/ml) and black chokeberry (IC 50 ~28 ± 1 µg/ml) wine samples had the highest values regardless of the vinification method. In addition to this, chlorogenic and caffeic acids were recognised as their key AGL bioactives. Taken all together, the fruit wine samples or their lyophilised extracts may be considered as complementary medicine supplements of potential interest for the control of postprandial hyperglycemia.

Till to date Europe has been well recognised for the production of blackberries. In addition to this, Serbia is ranked first among its European producers. Indeed, such a trend has well contributed to the development of Serbian fruit wine production during last two decades (Strik et al., 2007; FAO, 2012).

This study aimed to show aromatic profile of wines produced from two autochthonous grape cultivars Krstac (K) and Zizak (Z). During the wine production two enzymatic preparations (EP) (Lallzyme cuvee blanc (CB) and Lallzyme enzymatic preparation ? (EB)) and different time of skin contact (4 and 8 h) were applied. Aromatic compounds were detected by GC/FID-MS analysis. Significantly higher content of total detected aromatic compounds compared to appropriate controls (168.54 and 161.72 mg L-1) was observed for K EB4h (176.33 mg L-1) and Z CB4h (177.29 mg L-1) wines. Skin contact and usage of EP mostly increased content of 2-phenylethyl and isoamyl alcohols. Wines from both varieties showed higher content of hexanoic and octanoic acids compared to control. It is interesting to emphasize that content of esters which are responsible for fruity aroma of wine which is important for pleasant taste (isoamyl acetate - banana, ethyl hexanoate - ripe banana, 2-phenylethyl acetate - powerful fruity rose like) were increased in all samples compared to controls. The highest grades after sensory evaluation were obtained for K EB 8h (18.0 out of 20.0) and Z CB 8h (18.2 out of 20.0).

No abstract

In summary, fruit wines made from blueberry should be primarily taken into consideration as a medicinal food targeting diabetes mellitus type 2 in the early stage, if additional studies would confirm their therapeutic potential for the control of postprandial hyperglycemia.

This study aimed to evaluate, in vitro, the antioxidative potential of fruit wines produced from berry fruits (i.e., black chokeberry, blueberry, blackberry, and raspberry), cherry, and apple by different technological processes. For this purpose, the activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content as a marker of membrane damage were determined in wine-treated synaptosomes with hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress. All studied wines induced increased antioxidant enzyme activities and decreased MDA levels compared to hydrogen peroxide-treated synaptosomes (i.e., control). The highest SOD activity was observed in synaptosomes treated with blackberry wine (6.81 U/mg), whereas blueberry wine induced the highest catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities (0.058 U/mg and 0.017 U/mg, respectively). Black chokeberry proved to be the best in lipid peroxidation protection with the lowest MDA value (1.42 nmol/mg). Finally, principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis additionally highlighted a higher antioxidant capacity of wines produced from dark-skinned fruits (i.e., blackberry, black chokeberry, and blueberry). The results suggest protective effects of the fruit wines against oxidative damage, and, accordingly, their promising application as functional food.

The phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of wine and fermented pomace (FP) from Cabernet Sauvignon grapes harvested at three ripening stages were evaluated using LC-MS/MS and spectrophotometric analyses. An investigation of grey mold’s (Botrytis cinerea) influence on wine phenolic content modulation was conducted as well. Finally, the influence of the plant’s ripening stage on the dynamics of the phenolic compounds extracted from wine and FP obtained from fully ripe grapes was evaluated. In this study, the content of catechin, epicatechin, quercetin, and p-coumaric, gallic, and syringic acids was analyzed. Wine and FP were obtained after extended maceration during the spontaneous and inoculated fermentation of fully ripe grapes. When comparing the wine and FP obtained from véraison, fully ripe, and overripe grapes, catechin was the most abundant in wine (40.13 ± 3.25 mg/L) and quercetin in FP (10.96 ± 0.14 mg/kg). A decrease in analyzed phenolic compounds was noticed in wine produced from grapes affected by Botrytis cinerea, and the highest depletion was found for quercetin. The use of a winemaking technique that involved differing maceration periods and inoculation using yeasts as well as spontaneous fermentation significantly modulated the phenolic content of derived wines and FP. The dynamics of the phenolic compounds extracted into wine, evaluated using a principal component analysis (PCA), highlighted contents of catechin and epicatechin. After a decrease in maceration, the PCA revealed a notable content of gallic and syringic acids, as well as quercetin, in samples of FP. This study offers a perspective for future research and the development of functional food with a high content of phenolic compounds originating from red grape products, such as wine and fermented pomace.