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Carbon-based materials, including graphene, single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), and multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), are very promising materials for developing future-generation electronic devices. Their efficient physical, chemical, and electrical properties, such as high conductivity, efficient thermal and electrochemical stability, and high specific surface area, enable them to fulfill the requirements of modern electronic industries. In this review article, we discuss the synthetic methods of different functionalized carbon materials based on graphene oxide (GO), SWCNTs, MWCNTs, carbon fibers (CFs), and activated carbon (AC). Furthermore, we highlight the recent developments and applications of functionalized carbon materials in energy storage devices (supercapacitors), inkjet printing appliances, self-powered automatic sensing devices (biosensors, gas sensors, pressure sensors), and stretchable/flexible wearable electronic devices.

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Herein, we investigated polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based porous activated carbon sorbents as an efficient candidate for CO 2 capture. In this research, an easy and an economical method of chemical activation and carbonization was used to generate activated PAN precursor (PAN-C) adsorbents. The influence of various activators including NaOH, KOH, K 2 CO 3 , and KNO 3 on the textural features of PAN-C and their CO 2 adsorption performance under different temperatures was examined. Among the investigated adsorbents, PANC-NaOH and PANC-KOH exhibited high specific surface areas (2,012 and 3,072 m 2 g −1), with high microporosity (0.82 and 1.15 cm 3 g −1) and large amounts of carbon and nitrogen moieties. The PAN-C activated with NaOH and KOH showed maximum CO 2 uptakes of 257 and 246 mg g −1 at 273 K and 163 and 155 mg g −1 at 298 K, 1 bar, respectively, which was much higher as compared to the inactivated PAN-C precursor (8.9 mg g −1 at 273 K and 1 bar). The heat of adsorption (Q st) was in the range 10.81-39.26 kJ mol −1 , indicating the physisorption nature of the CO 2 adsorption process. The PAN-C-based activated adsorbents demonstrated good regeneration ability over repeated adsorption cycles. The current study offers a facile two-step fabrication method to generate efficient activated porous carbon materials from inexpensive and readily available PAN for use as CO 2 adsorbents in environmental applications.

Nanotechnology is an art for application and handling of materials at very small scales i.e. 1–100 nm. The materials at this scale exhibit significantly different properties compared to same materials at larger scales. There are so many physical and chemical methods for the synthesis of nanoscale materials but the most appropriate are the ones that synthesize materials using green chemistry eco-friendly techniques. Recently, the collaboration between nanotechnology and biology has opened up new horizons of nanobiotechnology that integrates the use of biological materials in a number of biochemical and biophysical processes. This approach has significantly boosted up nanoparticles (NPs) production without employing harsh and toxic conditions and chemicals. This review is aimed to provide an outline of latest developments in synthesis of NPs through biotic entities and their potential applications.

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