The present study has explored the relationship between certain organizational-level factors, such as perceived organizational support (POS), procedural justice (PJ) and communication, as determinants of organizational trust (OT) and their impact on organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB). The data were collected from 303 respondents from top, middle and lower managerial levels, belonging to various companies in manufacturing and services sector. Standard scales were used to assess OT and its antecedent and consequent factors. The results showed that antecedent variables did help in enhancing the level of OT. The presence of OT is positively associated with all the dimensions of OCB revealed by the members of the organization. Organizational trust also partially mediated the relationship between the organizational-level factors and OCB. In view of these results, it was suggested that organizations should facilitate the process leading to trust in management, so that employees are better engaged in extra-role behaviour resulting in increased individual and organizational effectiveness.

Abstract-The proper identification of plant species has major benefits for a wide range of stakeholders ranging from forestry services, botanists, taxonomists, physicians, pharmaceutical laboratories, organisations fighting for endangered species, government and the public at large. Consequently, this has fueled an interest in developing automated systems for the recognition of different plant species. A fully automated method for the recognition of medicinal plants using computer vision and machine learning techniques has been presented. Leaves from 24 different medicinal plant species were collected and photographed using a smartphone in a laboratory setting. A large number of features were extracted from each leaf such as its length, width, perimeter, area, number of vertices, colour, perimeter and area of hull. Several derived features were then computed from these attributes. The best results were obtained from a random forest classifier using a 10-fold crossvalidation technique. With an accuracy of 90.1%, the random forest classifier performed better than other machine learning approaches such as the k-nearest neighbour, naïve Bayes, support vector machines and neural networks. These results are very encouraging and future work will be geared towards using a larger dataset and high-performance computing facilities to investigate the performance of deep learning neural networks to identify medicinal plants used in primary health care. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first of its kind to have created a unique image dataset for medicinal plants that are available on the island of Mauritius. It is anticipated that a web-based or mobile computer system for the automatic recognition of medicinal plants will help the local population to improve their knowledge on medicinal plants, help taxonomists to develop more efficient species identification techniques and will also contribute significantly in the protection of endangered species.

Multimorbidity in women with breast cancer may delay presentation, affect treatment decisions and outcomes. We described the multimorbidity profile of women with breast cancer, its determinants, associations with stage at diagnosis and treatments received. We collected self-reported data on five chronic conditions (hypertension, diabetes, cerebrovascular diseases, asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, tuberculosis), determined obesity using body mass index (BMI) and tested HIV status, in women newly diagnosed with breast cancer between January 2016 and April 2018 in five public hospitals in South Africa. We identified determinants of ≥2 of the seven above-mentioned conditions (defined as multimorbidity), multimorbidity itself with stage at diagnosis (advanced [III-IV] vs. early [0-II]) and multimorbidity with treatment modalities received. Among 2,281 women, 1,001 (44%) presented with multimorbidity. Obesity (52.8%), hypertension (41.3%), HIV (22.0%) and diabetes (13.7%) were the chronic conditions that occurred most frequently. Multimorbidity was more common Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article.with older age (OR = 1.02; 95% CI 1.01-1.03) and higher household socioeconomic status (HSES) (OR = 1.06; 95% CI 1.00-1.13). Multimorbidity was not associated with advanced-stage breast cancer at diagnosis, but for self-reported hypertension there was less likelihood of being diagnosed with advanced-stage disease in the adjusted model (OR 0.80; 95% CI 0.64-0.98). Multimorbidity was associated with first treatment received in those with early-stage disease, p = 0.003. The prevalence of multimorbidity is high among patients with breast cancer. Our findings suggest that multimorbidity had a significant impact on treatment received in those with early-stage disease. There is need to understand the impact of multimorbidity on breast cancer outcomes. What's new?Multimorbidity in women with breast cancer increases with age and may influence treatment decisions and outcome. The authors find that in South Africa 44%, of women newly diagnosed with breast cancer also suffered from other chronic conditions, most prevalently obesity, hypertension, HIV and diabetes. Asian and white women were less likely to present with multimorbidity when compared to black women, but multimorbidity was more common in women with higher socioeconomic status. The authors propose to evaluate the effect of multimorbidity on the South African health system and its impact on scarce health care resources.

This study investigates the relationship between certain individual level determinants of interpersonal trust and its impact on organizational citizenship behavior. The participants (N=303) were top, middle, and lower level executives from manufacturing and services sectors. The results indicate that interaction frequency, consistency, and competence are signifi cant predictors of interpersonal trust. Interpersonal trust is positively associated with organizational citizenship behavior, and it also partially mediated the relationship between individual level factors and organizational citizenship behavior. The results imply that the development of trust at the interpersonal level may be used as a strategy to motivate the employees to engage in extra role behaviors to ensure improved individual and organizational performance.

In sub‐Saharan Africa, clinical decisions can be affected by resource constraints. This article analyzes the clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy among patients from a previously existing cohort: women enrolled in the prospective South African Breast Cancer and HIV Outcomes study.