The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement.
The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement.
IntroductionThe problem: complications of surgical care have become a major cause of death and disability worldwide The safe surgery saves lives challenge: identifying solutions The safe surgery saves lives approach Improvement through the safe surgery saves lives programme Organization of the guidelines Section II.Ten essential objectives for safe surgery: review of the evidence and recommendations Objective 1: The team will operate on the correct patient at the correct site The universal protocol Recommendations Objective 2: The team will use methods known to prevent harm from administration of anaesthetics, while protecting the patient from pain Patterns of avoidable morbidity and mortality during anaesthesia Approaches to improving the safety of anaesthesia Evidence on monitoring with pulse oximetry and capnography Preparation for and delivery of anaesthesia Recommendations Objective 3: The team will recognize and effectively prepare for life-threatening loss of airway or respiratory function Incidence of difficult and failed airway management Airways assessment Management of the airway Aspiration of gastric contents Recommendations Objective 4: The team will recognize and effectively prepare for risk of high blood loss Resuscitation of hypovolaemic patients Prevention of blood loss Management of blood loss Recommendations Objective 5: The team will avoid inducing an allergic or adverse drug reaction for which the patient is known to be at significant risk Types of adverse reactions Causes of error in delivery of perioperative medications Recommendations Objective 6: The team will consistently use methods known to minimize the risk for surgical site infection Pathogenesis and microbiology Prevention and surveillance of surgical site infections Definitions of surgical site infection Methods of scoring infection Surveillance of surgical site infections Risk factors Presurgical skin disinfection Special cases for decontamination Antibiotic prophylaxis Minimizing contamination in the operating room Guaranteeing the sterility of surgical instruments: sterility indicators Recommendations Table of contents Objective 7: The team will prevent inadvertent retention of instruments and sponges in surgical wounds General criteria for counting Documentation of counts Count discrepancies Methodical wound exploration before closure Recommendations Objective 8: The team will secure and accurately identify all surgical specimens Recommendations Objective 9: The team will effectively communicate and exchange critical information for the safe conduct of the operation Team culture and its effects on...
The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement.
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