We have selected and spatially separated the two conformers of 3-aminophenol (C(6)H(7)NO) present in a molecular beam. Analogous to the separation of ions based on their mass-to-charge ratios in a quadrupole mass filter, the neutral conformers are separated based on their different mass-to-dipole-moment ratios in an ac electric quadrupole selector. For a given ac frequency, the individual conformers experience different focusing forces, resulting in different transmissions through the selector. These experiments demonstrate that conformer-selected samples of large molecules can be prepared, offering new possibilities for the study of gas-phase biomolecules.

b ions are of fundamental importance in peptide sequencing using tandem mass spectrometry. These ions have generally been assumed to exist as protonated oxazolone derivatives. Recent work indicates that medium-sized b ions can rearrange by head-to-tail cyclization of the oxazolone structures generating macrocyclic protonated peptides as intermediates. Here, we show using infrared spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations that the b(5) ion of protonated G(5)R exists in the mass spectrometer as an amide oxygen protonated cyclic peptide rather than fleetingly as a transient intermediate. This assignment is supported by our DFT calculations which show this macrocyclic isomer to be energetically preferred over the open oxazolone form despite the entropic constraints the cyclic form introduces.

We have determined the abundance of two different conformational structures of the mixed benzene dimer (C₆H₆)(C₆D₆) in a molecular beam, with various carrier gases. These two T-shaped conformers have a subtle zero-point energy difference of only a few cm^-1, and a transition state barrier of about 64 cm^-1. Nevertheless, depending on the carrier gas, the lowest energy conformer can exclusively be prepared in the molecular beam. Low-energy two-body collisions of the benzene-dimers with the carrier gas atoms are concluded to be responsible for this

Most proteins in proteomics are identified from tandem mass spectra of doubly protonated tryptic peptides. Statistical studies indicate that these spectra fall into two distinct classes. IR spectroscopy experiments and DFT calculations performed on model b(2) ions show that peptides producing Class I spectra form protonated oxazolone ions (see figure) and not protonated diketopiperazines as proposed elsewhere.

We here present experimental infrared spectra on two (C6H6)(C6D6) benzene dimer isomers in the gas phase. The spectra show that the two benzene molecules in the dimer are symmetrically inequivalent and have distinct IR signatures. One of the two molecules is in a site of low symmetry, which leads to the IR activation of fundamental modes that are IR forbidden by symmetry in the monomer. In the spectra, all four fundamental C–H stretch modes of benzene are observed. Modes in the dimer are shifted up to 3cm−1 to the red, compared to the modes that are known for the monomer. For the ν13B1u C–H stretch fundamental mode of benzene, a first experimental value of 3015+2−5cm−1 is determined, in excellent agreement with anharmonic frequency calculations presented here.

The benzene dimer, an important prototype for studying noncovalent interactions, exhibits characteristic splitting patterns in its rotational spectrum, which for a long time were not understood. A new theoretical model reveals their origin: a concerted internal motion involving sixfold hindered rotation tunneling of the molecule forming the stem of the T‐shaped structure and tilt tunneling of the cap.

The experimental mid-and far-IR spectra of six conformers of phenylalanine in the gas phase are presented. The experimental spectra are compared to spectra calculated at the B3LYP and at the MP2 level. The differences between B3LYP and MP2 IR spectra are found to be small. The agreement between experiment and theory is generally found to be very good, however strong discrepancies exist when -NH 2 out-of-plane vibrations are involved. The relative energies of the minima as well as of some transition states connecting the minima are explored at the CCSD(T) level. Most transition states are found to be less than 2000 cm À1 above the lowest energy structure. A simple model to describe the observed conformer abundances based on quasiequilibria near the barriers is presented and it appears to describe the experimental observation reasonably well. In addition, the vibrations of one of the conformers are investigated using the correlation-corrected vibrational self-consistent field method.

We report a combined theoretical and microwave spectroscopy study of the internal dynamics of the benzene dimer, a benchmark system for dispersion forces. Although the extensive ab initio calculations and experimental work on the equilibrium geometry of this dimer have converged to a tilted T-shaped structure, the rich internal dynamics due to low barriers for internal rotation have remained largely unexplored. We present new microwave spectroscopy data for both the normal (C6H6)2 and partially deuterated (C6D6)(C6H6) dimers. The splitting patterns obtained for both species are unraveled and understood using a reduced-dimensionality theoretical approach. The hindered sixfold rotation of the stem can explain the observed characteristic 1 : 2 : 1 tunneling splitting pattern, but only the concerted stem rotation and tilt tunneling motion, accompanied by overall rotation of the dimer, yield the correct magnitude of the splittings and their strong dependence on the dimer angular momentum J that is essential to explain the experimental data. Also the surprising observation that the splittings are reduced by 30% for the mixed (C6D6)(C)(C6H6)(S) dimer in which only the cap (C) in the T-shaped structure is deuterated, while the rotating stem (S) monomer is the same as in the homodimer, is understood using this approach. Stark shift measurements allowed us to determine the dipole moment of the benzene dimer, μ = 0.58 ± 0.051 D. The assumption that this dipole moment is the vector sum of the dipole moments induced in the monomers by the electric field of the quadrupole on the other monomer yields a calculated value of μ = 0.63 D. Furthermore, the observed Stark behavior is typical for a symmetric top, another confirmation of our analysis.