Our study was conducted to determine In vitro germination ability of pollens from 25 wild Actinidia eriantha genotypes after one year freeze storage, afterwards we examined fertilization ability of stored pollens of 8 genotypes selected according to In vitro test results from aforementioned 25 genotypes, and finally investigated effects of stored viable pollens from "MH67", "MH55", "MH48" and "MH45" genotypes on fruit quality characters of the female experimental plant "M3" as the main purpose. Non-pollinated "M3" kiwifruit plant was taken as control. We found that In vitro germination and fertilization ability of different stored pollen sources, and also fruit quality characters including dry matter, total sugar, titratable acid, vitamin C, total polyphenol, total flavonoid, chlorophyll ("a", "b", and total) and carotenoid contents except total soluble solid content were significantly different. MH67 and MH45 genotypes were evaluated as the most suitable pollenizers which can be recommended as new candidate cultivars because of long term storage ability and brought about desired fruit quality characters. They also will be investigated more at further breeding studies.

Rotations that include winter cover crops are widely used in agricultural systems and can provide numerous agroecological and economic benefits. However, the effects of winter cover crops on arthropod diversity, specifically rice pests and related natural enemies in rice rotation systems, are still largely unknown. We compared the effects of three winter cover crops, rapeseed, Brassica napus L. (Brassicales: Brassicaceae), Chinese milkvetch, Astragalus sinicus L. (Fabales: Fabaceae), and garlic, Allium sativum L. (Asparagales: Amaryllidaceae), on arthropods species diversity and evenness, densities of populations of major rice pests and major natural enemies, and grain yield in an experimental double cropping rotational rice field in Jiangxi Province, China. We did not observe any effects of cover crops on arthropod species diversity and evenness. The presence of prior cover crops also had no effect on the number of plants infested by the two major rice pests, Chilo suppressalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Our study did not show any effects of rapeseed and Chinese milkvetch on grain yield. However, grain yield was increased in the garlic treatment. Our results suggest that although the winter cover crops we tested in our study do not affect the number of rice plants infected by major rice pests, they do not negatively affect the arthropod community and grain yields in rice rotation systems. Therefore, planting of winter cover crops may increase agricultural land utilization and have an overall economic benefit in rice rotational systems.

We examined the influence of storage time on germinability and tube growth of freeze stored pollens collected from 25 wild male plants in Actinidia eriantha variety. Pollens were stored in freezer at −20˚C for six months and one year periods to determine changing at germinability in time. In vitro germination was conducted in certain cultural medium defined for Actinidia genus. The results showed that the germination percentages and tube lengths of genotypes decreased at the end of storage period. MH22, MH45, MH47, MH56, MH67, MH70, MH71, MH72, MH74, MH55 and MH61 genotypes were evaluated as vigor genotypes, because they maintained their viability and germination capability displaying statistically insignificant decreasing although their tube lengths significantly decreased except MH67. This investigation provided to determine some robust wild male germplasm resources in A. eriantha in point of durability of pollens against long term conservation for using at future pollination and breeding programs.