Mathematical and simulation modeling methods are applied when defining parameters of effective operation of oil fractionation. There is a review of software packages of process modeling used for refining ventures in the study. Multisphere model of oil fractionation with a low capacity applied is offered in the paper. The designed model allows taking into account constructive peculiarities of the equipment of small capacity units. The flow diagram of the model calculation algorithm with the additional evaluator of petroleum products quality indices is given by the authors. A design matrix for a three-factor experiment involving a multisphere model is obtained. An orthogonal central composite design has been applied to improve the accuracy of the model and to consider a non-linear parameter link. The MatLab software was chosen as an enabler. The criterion was the energy cost of separation. Factors affecting the criterion are flow rate of superheated water steam, reflux rate, potential light fractions in the crude/feed. The adequate obtained regression quadratic dependency towards the initial values by Fisher’s criterion has been assessed. The average relative error was 0.21 percent. The obtained statistical model can be applied for solving an optimization problem by the criterion of power consumption within a variable fractional composition of the raw material. Quality indices of oil products (gasoline fraction and diesel oil) serve as constraints. The offered statistical model applied at oil fractionation low-power facilities promotes the efficiency of plant operation improvement and the efficiency of obtaining information about the quality of oil products.
The history of monetary supply in a digital economy is a matter of concern in the paper. In fact, the dynamics of all economy fields provoke monetization and development of new types of money. Furthermore, the opposite interdependent process is also possible, i.e. the diversity of money contributes to the advancing of economy development and society in general. The article dwells upon the development and current situation in introducing electronic money and electronic funds transfer systems in Russia. The authors review the main stages of monetization, its development and current affairs in the context of economic globalization and digital technology development. It proves the necessity to maintain total financial supervision on the part of the government in the society, since electronic money ramps up payment disintermediation that is facilitated by means of information technology at present-day time. The authors point out the facts mentioned above to be the introduction of unique monetary phenomena in modern economy that are worth to be scientifically-based.
The objective of the research is to provide a scientific analysis of the development of the digital economy in the context of sustainable competitive advantage. The methodological basis of the study was the theoretical provisions of fundamental and practical developments in the digital economy, lying at the intersection of various technologies. Under the influence of digital forms of economic activity and the scientific and educational sphere, knowledge and education are turning from a luxury article into a productive force of society. Meanwhile, a global reach of digital technologies in the context of sustainable competitive advantage leads to a change in culture, traditional approaches to education, and serves the interests of the accelerated deployment of the digital economy. Managing the development of human capital as a basic engine for the development of the economic system is an absolute must for the integration of information technologies into modern society. Individuals and effective institutions are becoming a fundamental factor in the productivity, effective development, and formation of the digital economy.
This article discusses the role and analytical capabilities of financial statements in making management decisions, since financial statements must faithfully reflect the financial position, financial results and cash flow of an enterprise, which requires truthful reflection of completed operations, other events and conditions in accordance with the definitions and criteria recognition of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. The value of financial statements is that it is the information base of financial analysis and audit. Therefore, the reliability of all objects reflected in the account, is a necessary condition in the preparation of accounting and reporting information, both on the property status of the enterprise, and on the results of its activities.
The article reveals the need for risk management in the implementation of investment and construction projects. The issues of risk management, risk classification, risk management mechanism of construction organizations are considered. The main approaches to risk management in the implementation of investment projects are discussed. Disclosed issues on objects and subjects of investment project management. The object of research is the risks of projects. The subject of the research is the risk management system. The purpose of the study is to reveal the need for and develop a risk management system. The methods of scientific knowledge were used: synthesis, abstraction, deduction, etc., due to the systemic principles of research.
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