The detection of T-lymphocyte infiltration and ICAM-1 and HLA-DR expression in pterygium epithelium strongly supports the suggestion that cellular immunity plays an important role in pterygium formation. Pterygium epithelium also seems to participate actively in the augmentation of this inflammatory process by expressing ICAM-1 and HLA-DR molecules. Mast cells may participate in some stages or subtypes of pterygium during its development.

Normative dataset for exophthalmometry results of the Turkish population is established to be used in clinical practice and research. Only 13% to 20% of change in Hertel values was detected to be determined by age, IPD and Hertel base values.

The authors recommend avoiding the thin rectangular portion located in the inter-fissural area adjacent to the superior orbital fissure. A high intersubject variability underscores the need for individualized preoperative analysis by imaging studies.

The blood flow velocities of OA and CRA are decreased but the resistive index is increased significantly in patients with PDR. Pars plana vitrectomy in patients with PDR may decrease resistive index and improve blood flow in the CRA.

The aim of the study was to investigate the locations, diameters, and connections of the periorbital arterial vessels. The peripheral and marginal arcades of the superior and inferior eyelids were revealed by bilateral meticulous anatomic dissections in 12 adult male and 5 female preserved cadavers. Silicone rubber injection was used to fill the regional arteries. The mean external diameter of the lacrimal (0.4 mm), supraorbital (1.0 mm), supratrochlear (0.9 mm), superior medial palpebral (0.9 mm), inferior medial palpebral (1.0 mm), dorsal nasal (0.8 mm), and infraorbital (2.0 mm) arteries were measured. Contribution of superficial temporal artery to palpebral arcades via frontal, zygomatico-orbital, and transverse facial branches was demonstrated. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the periorbital arterial supply with contributing anastomosis from facial vasculature and impact on clinical practice.

PurposeTo report a keratoconus case with bilateral horizontal Vogt’s striae.MethodThe clinical findings of the patient and the development of the direction of striae are discussed.ResultsVogt’s striae, defined as vertical stress lines, are rarely horizontal. One patient with unilateral horizontal stress lines on his left eye has been reported in the literature. Our patient has horizontal Vogt’s striae in both eyes.ConclusionHorizontal Vogt’s striae may be seen in keratoconus as a rare slit-lamp biomicroscopic finding.

Purpose. To compare the contrast sensitivity levels of thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) patients without obvious optic neuropathy with those of healthy people. Methods. Forty eyes of 20 TAO patients without dysthyroid optic neuropathy and 40 eyes of 20 healthy subjects were evaluated in this prospective case-controlled study. The contrast sensitivity functions (CSFs) of all subjects were measured by the functional acuity contrast test (FACT) in five frequencies which were 1,5 cpd (A), 3 cpd (B), 6 cpd (C), 12 cpd (D), and 18 cpd (E). Results were compared for both groups, and a correlation of CSF with Hertel and clinical activity scores was assessed. Results. There was no statistically significant difference between TAO patients and control groups for age and sex. TAO patients had lower levels than the control group in all the frequencies of CSFs (P < 0.05) and the difference in contrast sensitivity functions between the groups seems to be more significant in higher frequencies (B, C, D, and E) (P < 0.001). Conclusions. TAO patients without DON can have contrast sensitivity loss and this would probably imply subtle optic nerve dysfunction in early disease phase.

The use of fibrin glue to fixate the KLAL and the living-related conjunctival limbal allograft in patients with severe chemical trauma is practical and effective. This technique may also be beneficial in terms of decreasing the risk of rejection in this patient group.