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Feature selection aims to confiscate inappropriate features and yet improve classification performance. These aims are conflicting with one another, and a choice must be made in the presence of the trade-off between them. Numerous researches deal with feature selection problem but, they are mostly single-objective based. Nowadays, multi-objective optimisation approaches are becoming the most suitable approaches to deal with feature selection problems. They can easily create a balance between selected features and classification accuracy or error rate. Evolutionary computation techniques have been applied for multi-objective feature selection. Cuckoo optimisation algorithm is among the most popular technique that is exceptional in solving the problems of feature selection. Based on the binary cuckoo optimisation algorithm, two different multi-objective filter-based feature selection frameworks are presented with the idea of nondominated sorting genetic algorithms NSGAIII (BCNSG3) along with NSGAII (BCNSG2). Thus, four multi-objective filter-based feature selection approaches are proposed by employing mutual information along with gain ratio based-entropy as the respective filter evaluation measures in all the proposed frameworks. The results obtained are examined and analysed against the existing methods and single objective scheme on fourteen (14) datasets of varying degree of difficulties. The outcome of the experiments displays that the proposed multi-objective algorithms successfully derive a set of nondominated solutions that used the least feature size and attained the best error rate than using full-length features. In general, BCNSG2 obtained the best results compared to the existing methods and single-objective algorithm, whereas BCNSG3 outdoes all other approaches. INDEX TERMS Cuckoo optimization algorithm, multi-objective feature selection, NSGA III, NSGA II, gain ratio based-entropy, mutual information, machine learning and classification.

Breast cancer is one of the precarious conditions that affect women, and a substantive cure has not yet been discovered for it. With the advent of Artificial intelligence (AI), recently, deep learning techniques have been used effectively in breast cancer detection, facilitating early diagnosis and therefore increasing the chances of patients’ survival. Compared to classical machine learning techniques, deep learning requires less human intervention for similar feature extraction. This study presents a systematic literature review on the deep learning-based methods for breast cancer detection that can guide practitioners and researchers in understanding the challenges and new trends in the field. Particularly, different deep learning-based methods for breast cancer detection are investigated, focusing on the genomics and histopathological imaging data. The study specifically adopts the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), which offer a detailed analysis and synthesis of the published articles. Several studies were searched and gathered, and after the eligibility screening and quality evaluation, 98 articles were identified. The results of the review indicated that the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is the most accurate and extensively used model for breast cancer detection, and the accuracy metrics are the most popular method used for performance evaluation. Moreover, datasets utilized for breast cancer detection and the evaluation metrics are also studied. Finally, the challenges and future research direction in breast cancer detection based on deep learning models are also investigated to help researchers and practitioners acquire in-depth knowledge of and insight into the area.

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Heart disease is a predominant killer disease in various nations around the globe. However, this is because the default medical diagnostic techniques are not affordable by common people. This inspires many researchers to rescue the situation by using soft computing and machine learning approaches to bring a halt to the situation. These approaches use the medical data of the patients to predict the presence of the disease or not. Although, most of these data contains some redundant and irrelevant features that need to be discarded to enhance the prediction accuracy. As such, feature selection has become necessary to enhance prediction accuracy and reduce the number of features. In this study, two different but related cuckoo inspired algorithms, cuckoo search algorithm (CSA) and cuckoo optimization algorithm (COA), are proposed for feature selection on some heart disease datasets. Both the algorithms used the general filter method during subset generation. The obtained results showed that CSA performed better than COA both concerning fewer number of features as well as prediction accuracy on all the datasets. Finally, comparison with the state of the art approaches revealed that CSA also performed better on all the datasets.