Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been applied for quantitative analysis of Al 2 O 3 , CaCO 3 and MgO particles suspended in water. In the single elemental system, the plasma emission intensities of Al, Ca and Mg were linearly increased with concentration of elements in the range of 1.0·10 À5 -1.0·10 À3 M, 1.0·10 À4 -2.0·10 À3 M and 8.0·10 À5 -4.0·10 À3 M, respectively. We also investigated the concentration dependence of breakdown spectra for suspended mixtures of Al 2 O 3 , CaCO 3 and MgO particles. The emission lines, such as Al I, Ca I, Ca II and Mg I, were appeared in the LIBS spectrum simultaneously, and each emission peak could be deconvoluted. The plasma emission intensities of Al, Ca and Mg in the multielemental system were also linearly increased with their concentrations in the range of 1.0·10 À5 -1.0·10 À3 M, 1.0·10 À4 -2.0·10 À3 M and 4.0·10 À4 -2.0·10 À3 M, respectively. LIBS was found to be available for quantitative and qualitative measurement of the concentrations of Al 2 O 3 , CaCO 3 and MgO particles suspended in water. The present results suggest that LIBS is a potentially useful tool for in-situ analysis on particles composition and concentrations for environmental monitoring by the wearable information equipments.
The mixing properties of an ore pass system have a significant importance for a quality control, especially in quarries, through blending in ore pass systems. In this study, an experiment to clarify the mechanism and the properties of the mixing was performed using glass beads (as the boulders) and a scale model of a particular ore pass system.Especially in vertical systems, mixing except in the periphery mainly occurs in funnel flow region. The point in the ore shaft part where the flow begins to funnel tends to become higher and the mixing will be promoted, according to the intention of the interlocking effect of the beads. The calculated mixing property curves, which are based on the assumed apparent descent velocity field in the funnel flow region, were in good agreement with the result of the experiment.The discontinuous gravity flow, which is usual with the real ore pass system, could not be reproduced in this experiment. Therefore, a particular mixing in the inclined ore pass depending on the discontinuous action of the flow could not be seen. Nevertheless the mixing was slightly more promoted in the inclined systems compared to the vertical systems.
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