This study aims to reveal the incidence of origin, insertion, and nerve supply of Gantzer's muscle and to provide necessary information to surgeons in concern to compartment syndrome.Material and Methods: 50 embalmed disarticulated upper limbs (23 right & 27 left sides) were dissected and analyzed to find the incidence of Gantzer's muscle along with their sources of origin, the sites of insertion and nerve supply were observed and documented.Results:The incidence of an accessory head of flexor pollicis longus (Gantzer's muscle) was 24 % (12 out of 50 upper limbs). All the incidences of Gantzer's muscles were unilateral, among which, in 5, it was seen on the right side and in 7 on the left side and bilateral occurrence was not found. All the Gantzer's muscles originated from two different sources, one from the medial epicondyle and other from the coronoid process of ulna and the majority of the cases were inserted to the middle third of the tendon of FPL. In the present study, Gantzer's muscle was innerved by the anterior interosseous nerve in all specimens except in one, which was supplied by the median nerve. Conclusions:The knowledge of which, has to be borne in minds of the operating surgeons for anterior interosseous nerve syndrome and median nerve compression for an effective outcome.
The anatomical knowledge of tracheobronchial tree and its variations will be useful in case of many interventional treatments. Hence we undertook the present study to document the variation in branching pattern of segmental bronchi and its clinical implication. Materials and Methods:The Study was done on 30 right & 30 left formalin fixed adult lungs obtained from the cadavers in the Department of Anatomy, Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangalore. The lung was dissected along the primary bronchi to expose the branching pattern, till the segmental bronchi. Ramification of bronchial tree was observed and photographed.Results: Regular pattern of B1 to B10 was found to be more on right side (76.6%), Absence of B7 was also more on right side. The pattern B7, B8+9+10(6.6%), was seen only on right side, whereas the patterns, B1+B2,B3, B7+8,B9+10, B7,B8,B9+10 and B7+8, B9,B10 was seen only in the left lungs. Two left lungs exhibited an accessory bronchus after lingual division and three left lungs had three bronchi in lingual division. Conclusions:The knowledge of anatomical variability of branching pattern will be useful for interventional radiologist, which would help to diagnose or predict many adverse outcomes of chest diseases at earlier stage and surgeons for planning segmental resections or pulmonary lobectomy.
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