The effect of montmorillonite (MMT) nano-clay as reinforcement in unsaturated polyester resin (UP) matrix composite was investigated under compression loading to explore the impact of MMT nano-clay wt% in the compressive behavior of UP-MMT nano-clay composite. UP-MMT nano-clay composite samples were prepared with a varied filler content of 0.5 to 3 wt% using dualmixing methods, which are mechanical stirring and ultrasonic agitation.Static uniaxial compression tests were conducted using cylindrical-shaped samples to obtain the compressive behavior of the UP-MMT nano-clay composites. The results of experimentation record a considerable improvement in compressive characteristics of UP-MMT nano-clay composites compared to pure UP matrix. The UP-MMT nano-clay composite samples were viewed under transmission electron microscope (TEM) to know the dispersion of MMT nano-clay in the composites. The nano-platelets were well dispersed and intercalated in the UP-MMT nano-clay composite samples below 1 wt% MMT nano-clay loading. The optimum wt% of MMT nano-clay in the UP-MMT nano-clay composite for improved compressive stress at yield and modulus were noted as 0.60 and 0.61 wt% respectively. Moreover, a mathematical model using Halpin-Tsai-Jumahat equations was utilized to predict the compressive properties of UP-MMT nano-clay composites, which are in closer agreement with the experimental results.

The purpose of this study is to study the effects of montmorillonite (MMT) nanofiller on the mechanical properties of glass fibre recyclates (rGF) reinforced unsaturated polyester (UP) composites. Alumina-silicates nanoclay such as MMT can improves the mechanical performance of polymeric composites. This study uses the mechanical recycling process to grind the GFRP waste into recyclates. MMT nanoclay was dispersed into UP using ultrasonicator. Different weight percentage of rGF at 25 wt.%, 30 wt.% and 40 wt.% were mixed in UP-MMT resin and formed into composites plate using compression moulding. Preliminary study shows that, the tensile strength of 25 wt.% raw rGF-UP composites was approximately 50% lower than of UP. Therefore, raw rGF was sieved into coarse and fine grade to improve the tensile properties of the composites. Compared to raw rGF, sieved rGF has better tensile strength due to better fibre distribution of rGF and uniformed fibre length. Coarse rGF composites which contain relatively larger aspect ratio (longer fibre length) have better tensile properties than fine rGF. The inclusion of MMT nanofiller in polyester resin enables the tensile strength of the composites to increase. For example, the tensile strength of 40 wt.% fine rGF-3 wt.% MMT hybrid composites is higher by 14% than the non-hybrid 40 wt.% fine rGF. Scanning electron microscopy shows good fibre/resin adhesion for MMT below 3 wt.%. While at 5 wt.% MMT, the UP resin becomes degraded and developed poor adhesion of resin to the recyclate fibres.

<p>Terak timah adalah hasil sampingan proses peleburan.Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mengkaji tingkah laku mampatan kolum konkrit polimer (PC) berisi terak timah yang dibalut dengan polimerdiperkuat fiber karbon (CFRP). Kajian ini dijalankan dengan tiga bilangan lapisan CFRP yang berlainan. Ciri-ciri mekanikal sampel seperti tekanan maksimum (<em>maximum stress</em>), ketegangan (<em>strain</em>) dan modulus keanjalan (<em>elasticity modulus</em>) ditentukan oleh ujian mampatan. Tekanan mampatan maksimummeningkat dengan ketara kepada 103% untuk PC yang tidak terkurung berbanding PC terkurung. Sementara itu untuk satu lapisan hingga dua lapisan hanya meningkat 14.9% dan kes yang sama untuk dua lapisan hingga tiga lapisan hanya mendapat peningkatan kira-kira 13.6%. Modulus mampatan meningkat kira-kira 26% hingga 39% untuk PC yang tidak terkurung berbanding satu lapisan PC terkurung. Modulus mampatan untuk PC yang satu lapisan, dua lapisan dan tiga lapisan hampir sama iaitu perbezaan tidak lebih daripada 10%. Nisbah pemanjangan bagi PC yang tidak terkurung berbanding dengan PC berkurung satu lapisan menunjukkan penurunan yang besar. Bilangan lapisan dua dan tiga menunjukkan penurunan nisbah kemuluran yang sedikit berbanding satu lapisan. Kekuatan satu-lapisan PC terkurung meningkat dengan ketara kira-kira 104.8% berbanding PC yang tidak terkurung. Sementara itu, untuk bilangan lapisan terkurung yang lebih dari satu hanya meningkat sedikit. Keberkesanan pengurungan meningkat sebanyak dua kali untuk satu lapisan PC terkurung berbanding PC yang tidak terkurung. Sementara itu, bilangan lapisan terkurung yang lebih dari satu, keberkesanan pengurungan hanya meningkat sedikit. Kesimpulannya, peningkatan jumlah lapisan terkurung lebih dari satu tidak memberikan perubahan yang signifikan terhadap sifat mekanik.Kata kunci: CFRP, konkrit polimer,  pengurungan, sanga timah</p>

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