The MgO in blast furnace slag provides an optimum condition in terms of both good flowability and desulphurisation. The mode of its addition to the blast furnace changed from, initially, as raw flux in the form of dolomite, to via sinter, with the argument that raw flux demands energy for its decomposition inside the blast furnace. Thus, the decomposition reaction was diverted from the blast furnace to the sintering bed, and the energy source for decomposition was changed from costly blast furnace coke to a relatively cheap coke breeze. Now olivine/dunite/serpentine is being used as a source of MgO, where energy for decomposition is not required; this also provides a source of SiO 2 , which 1 Influence of MgO on productivity
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONMr Jena are at sinter plants BB and SP2, Tata Steel, Jamshedpur,
During charging, the materials tend to segregate radially according to their nature, size, and density. A non-uniform distribution of charge materials results in a non-uniform radial distribution of particle size, voidage, and hence
Bryophytes, the shade loving plants, have tremendous medicinal properties. The aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Atrichum undulatum (Hedw.) P. Beauv. were analysed for antimicrobial properties against the fungi Aspergillus fumigatus and Fusarium oxysporum and the bacteria Escherichia coli, Bacillus mycoides, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi. The study is an attempt to investigate the medicinal properties of Atrichum undulatum (Hedw.) P. Beauv. using disc-diffusion method. No inhibition was observed against A. fumigatus and P. mirabilis. For bacteria S. typhi and E. coli (20 and 15 mm), aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Atrichum showed significant inhibition. However, alcoholic extract was found remarkably effective against bacteria rather than aqueous extract.
The quality of coke produced in a coke oven depends on the coal blend characteristics and carbonisation conditions. Scarcity of good quality coking coal made it necessary to look for techniques capable of producing superior coke from inferior coals. Precarbonisation techniques improve the bulk density of the coal charge and produce good quality coke from inferior coals. The stamp charging technique, the most effective among them requires finer crushing of coal and higher moisture as binder, both requiring additional energy. JSW Steel has adopted vibrocompaction along with non-recovery ovens for its 1 . 2 Mtpa coke production. This is a highly ecofriendly coke making process producing excellent quality coke from inferior coals. It increases the bulk density of cake, similar to stamp charging, using compaction in place of stamping. A cake density of 1 . 10 t m 23 has been achieved using the vibrocompacting technique with optimum moisture and crushing fineness. Coal blend containing up to 35% soft coal and coking coal having 32% volatile matter have been successfully used to produce a coke with coke strength after reaction .65%, coke reactivity index ,25% and M10 ,6%. The paper discusses the experience of operating vibrocompaction non-recovery coke ovens.
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