No abstract

No abstract

A new phase of amorphous zirconium phosphate (ZrP), an inorganic ion exchanger of the class of tetravalent metal acid (TMA) salt, is synthesized by sol-gel method. The protons present in the structural hydroxyl groups indicate good potential for TMA salts to exhibit solid state proton conduction. Cu 2+ and Li + are exchanged onto ZrP to yield CuZrP and LiZrP exchanged phases. All these materials were characterized for elemental analysis (ICP-AES), thermal analysis (TGA, DSC), X-ray analysis and FTIR spectroscopy. The transport properties of these materials were explored and compared by measuring conductance at different temperatures using an impedance analyser. It is observed that conductivity decreases with increasing temperature in all cases and mechanism of transportation is proposed to be Grotthuss type. Conductivity performance of ZrP, CuZrP and LiZrP is discussed based on conductivity data and activation energy.

No abstract

Basic dyes have been found to be the most soluble dyes used in textile industries that, with their tinctorial values being high and even in small quantities, produce obvious coloration. Adsorption has often been used as a method to remove dissolved contaminated organic compounds because of simplicity of design, ease of operation, and insensitivity to toxic substances. When a cation-exchange material is used as a sorbent, it is believed that the interaction of the functional groups present in the dye with the matrix material (sorbent) being used could be anywhere from covalent to Coulombic, hydrogen bonding, or weak van der Waals forces. In the present study, titanium phosphate (TiP), an inorganic ion-exchange material of the class of tetravalent metal acid salt has been synthesized by sol−gel method, characterized, and used as a sorbent. The sorption behavior of cationic dyes Crystal Violet (CV), Rhodamine 6G (R6G), Methylene Blue (MB), and Pink FG (PFG) toward TiP has been studied, based on thermodynamic parameters evaluated and adsorption isotherms (Langmuir and Fruendlich). Breakthrough capacity and elution behavior of dyes have also been studied. Sorption affinity of dyes toward TiP is found to be MB > CV> R6G > PFG.