The fierce competition in the global silk market encourages the development and application of new biotechnologies in sericulture, such as cloning. The term “clone” in Greek means “branch”. A clone is an offspring of a single organism propagated without fertilization. All cloned individuals are genetically identical and are copies of each other. Clones are obtained in different ways. In case of the silkworm, this is a parthenogenetic development, which is an unnatural way of reproduction for the silkworm. Thermoactivation of an unfertilized greene at t0=46 0C during 18, leads to inhibition of the reduction division of meiosis in the silkworm germ cells. As a result, the eggs remain with a diploid set of chromosomes and develop as zygotes. Since the female cells in the sex chromosomes of the silkworm are heterogametic, only female parthenogenetic clones develop from thermally activated eggs. This feature makes silkworm clones extremely attractive for creating 100% pure hybrids. As the sericulture globally is based on the production of hybrids of the first generation only, in order to use maximum heterosis, the accuracy of preparation of hybrids is becoming particularly important.
In this article, discusses the possibilities of using heterosis. It is known that industrial sericulture around the world is based on the production of first-generation hybrids for the use of heterosis, which can manifest itself in a variety of ways. The effect of heterosis depends largely on the properties of the breeds used in hybridization. in addition, crossing breeds with different characteristics lead to the emergence of new populations of silkworms, sometimes with previously incongruous properties. In this study, an attempt was made to combine the high yield of cocoons and high-quality cocoon thread in the genotypes of hybrids. Genetic and selection studies in the direction of breeding new breeds and creating silkworm hybrids with high productivity and quality properties of cocoons contribute to increasing the production of grain and cocoons of domestic breeds and hybrids, improving their quality, corresponding to international standards, and thereby increasing the export opportunities of the sericulture industry.
The article discusses the results and methods of selection aimed at improving the biological characteristics in the rocks-components of high-yielding silkworm hybrids. High biological indicators of the breed components of the new hybrids guarantee high heterosis for many economically valuable features. Improving the viability of caterpillars and silkworm cocoons of component species can be achieved by conducting a systematic selection at all stages of development of the silkworm. Selection and breeding selection include the method of ranking breeds on the basis of productivity, the method of traditional selection, and the method of selection based on motor activity. The use of multiple selection methods in the complex leads to increased viability of the caterpillars, weight, and silkiness of caterpillars, weight, and silkiness of cocoons of MG, Ipakchi 2, Ya-120, Chinese 108 breeds.
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