Valeronitrile, heptadecanenitrile, nonadecanenitrile, heneicosanenitrile, malonodinitrile, succinodinitrile, glutarodinitrile, and tetradecanedinitrile adsorb on gold and copper from hexane or acetone solution or from the neat liquid. The adsorbed layers were analyzed by reflection infrared spectroscopy at grazing incidence, elUpsometry, contact angle measurements, surface profilometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The compounds with more than 10 methylene units form layers of a thickness of 6-8 A on copper and gold. The advancing contact angle of water on these layers is 90-94°; i.e. the wetting properties of these layers are very close to poly(ethylene) but different from poly(acrylonitrile) or monolayers of nitrile terminated alkanethiols. Valeronitrile behaves similar to long chain nitriles on gold, but on copper "multilayers" are formed (layer thickness up to ca. 1000 A). This is also observed for malonodinitrile and glutarodinitrile on copper. There is spectroscopic evidence for ^-bonded nitrile groups of some alkanenitriles and alkanedinitriles on copper.
The triphenyl compounds of the elements of the 15th group (N, P, As, Sb, Bi) adsorb from solution onto gold and copper. The adsorption was confirmed by reflection infrared spectroscopy at grazing incidence, ellipsometry, contact angle measurements, and in two cases, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results suggest that at least three types of surface layers can occur: monolayer formation (typical examples NPh3, PPh3, and AsPh3 on gold), reaction of XPh3 with metal atoms forming a multilayer (typical example PPh3 on copper), and oxidation to oligomeric or polymeric products (typical example BiPh3 on gold). The wetting properties are characteristic for the type of metal rather than the adsorbate, apart from BiPh3 on gold. With the exception of SbPh3 and BiPh3 on gold, XPh3 desorbs at reduced pressure. Desorption in pure ethanol takes place within several minutes for the adsorbates on copper and within hours or days on gold.following, these compounds are abbreviated as NPh3, PPh3, AsPh3, SbPh3, and BiPh3 and generically as XPh3.
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