BackgroundThis study was designed to compare the efficacy of an intraoperative single dose administration of tramadol and dexmedetomidine on hemodynamics and postoperative recovery profile including pain, sedation, emerge reactions in pediatric patients undergoing adenotonsillectomy with sevoflurane anesthesia.MethodsSeventy-seven patient, aged 2–12, undergoing adenotonsillectomy with sevoflurane anesthesia was enrolled in this study. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either intravenous 2 mg/kg tramadol (Group T; n = 39) or 1 μg/kg dexmedetomidine (Group D; n = 38) after intubation. Heart rates (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP) were recorded before induction, at induction and every 5 min after induction. Observational pain scores (OPS), pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium (PAED) scores, percentage of patients with OPS ≥ 4 or PAED scale items 4 or 5 with an intensity of 3 or 4, and Ramsay sedation scores (RSS) were recorded on arrival to the postoperative care unit (PACU) and at 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60 min. Extubation time and time to reach Alderete score > 9 were recorded.ResultsDexmedetomidine significantly decreased the HR and MAP 10 and 15 min after induction; increased the RSS 15, 30 and 45 min after arrival to PACU. OPS and PAED scores and percentage of patients with OPS ≥ 4 or PAED scale items 4 or 5 with an intensity of 3 or 4 in both groups did not show any significant difference. Extubation time and time to have Alderete score > 9 was significantly longer in Group D.ConclusionBoth tramadol and dexmedetomidine were effective for controlling pain and emergence agitation. When compared with tramadol intraoperative hypotension, bradycardia and prolonged sedation were problems related with dexmedetomidine administration.Trial registrationRetrospectively registered, registration number: ISRCTN89326952 registration date: 14.07.2016

In this study, memantine provided shorter recovery times, better cognitive functions, and reduced postoperative pain. From this study, we find that memantine has beneficial effects on recovery, cognitive functions, and pain after propofol anesthesia.

Abstract:Objective: Propofol is an intravenous general anesthetic with a primary hypnotic effect. Memantine is an NMDA receptor antagonist that has been shown to reverse changes in memory and synaptic plasticity in animal models. This study aims to investigates whether propofol and/or memantine has any effects on erythrocyte deformability. Methods: 24 Wistar albino rats were divided randomly into four groups. Group P received 150 mg.kg -1 propofol intraperitoneally (ip); Group M received 1 mg.kg -1 memantine (ip); Group PM received 1 mg.kg -1 memantine mg.kg -1 ip 30 minutes before the administration of 150 mg.kg -1 propofol; and the control group (Group C) received saline ip. Euthanasia was performed in all rats by using intraabdominal blood uptake. The heparinized whole blood samples were used to prepare erythrocyte suspensions, from which erythrocyte suspensions were formed with a PBS buffer solution containing 5 % htc, and the deformability parameters were measured. Results: Erythrocyte deformability was signifi cantly higher in Groups P, M and PM when compared to the Group C (p = 0.007 and p = 0.001, p <0 .0001, respectively); while the erythrocyte deformability indices were similar in groups P, M and PM. Conclusion: The administration of propofol and memantine altered the erythrocyte deformability in the rats, which may lead to further problems in microcirculation. The administration of memantine to the propofol-treated rats did not alter the erythrocyte deformability; however the early results should be verifi ed through further experimental and clinical studies (Fig. 1, Ref. 23). Text in PDF www.elis.sk.

In this study, memantine provided shorter recovery times, better cognitive functions, and reduced postoperative pain. From this study, we find that memantine has beneficial effects on recovery, cognitive functions, and pain after propofol anesthesia.