Renal lymphangiomatosis is a very rare disorder, with only a few reported cases. We present a case of bilateral renal lymphangiomatosis, manifested by bilateral flank pain, that was falsely diagnosed as hydronephrosis. Excretory urographic, ultrasonographic, and computed tomographic urographic findings are described.

Studies suggest that determination of the TSH reference intervals may differ due to environmental influences or due to age, gender, and race. It is suggested that the lower limit of normal TSH for the adult Turkish population would be 0.38 mIU/L and the upper limit similar to the traditional value of 4.2 mIU/L. If each clinician uses their population-specific reference interval for TSH, thyroid function abnormalities can be accurately estimated.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVESIn this study, it was aimed to investigate thyroid functions, sonographic characteristics of thyroid gland, relation of thyroid functions, and cardiovascular risk factors in adult population living in northern Turkey.DESIGN AND SETTINGSThe study was conducted in 70 areas (12 urban and 58 rural) in the province of Tokat in northern Turkey from 2005 to 2006.PATIENTS AND METHODSThe study included about 530 000 inhabitants of 18 years and older. Demographic characteristics and thyroid sonographic findings were noted for each subject, and blood samples were collected for measuring serum lipids and thyroid function tests.RESULTSA total of 1095 subjects (541 males, 554 females) were included, and their mean age (SD) was 41.4 (17) years. Mean thyrotropin (TSH) and free T4 levels (SD) were 1.5 (1.6) μIU/mL and 1.2 (0.1) ng/dL, respectively, in males, and 2.2 (6.6) μIU/mL and 1.2 (0.3) ng/dL, respectively, in females (P<.05). According to mean TSH levels, the prevalence of overt hypothyroidism, overt hyperthyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism, and subclinical hyperthyroidism was detected as 1.6%, 0.5%, 2.7%, and 4.9%, respectively. Nodular goiter, multinodular goiter, and thyroid heterogeneity were determined as 13.8, 32.1, and 15.6%, respectively. The correlation between cardiovascular risk factors and serum TSH levels was not statistically significant (P>.05). The age was independently and significantly associated with serum TSH levels (P<.0001).CONCLUSIONIn terms of high prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and nodular goiter, thyroid diseases must be concluded as a public health problem, and accurate and effective strategies must be identified.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging for clinically significant prostate cancer and to determine whether applying Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data Systems version 2.1 score could improve the diagnostic pathway besides the biochemical characteristics. Materials and methods: In this study, 199 patients with clinically suspected prostate cancer who underwent multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging were included. Logistic regression analyses and receiver operating characteristic curve were performed to determine independent predictors and to compare diagnostic performance of indicators for clinically significant prostate cancer. Two models were established. In model 1, the diagnostic performance of prostate-specific antigen- and prostate-specific antigen density-derived parameters were evaluated. In model 2, the prediction potential of model 1 plus Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data Systems version 2.1 score was analyzed. Results: Sixty-four patients were positive for clinically significant prostate cancer by histopathological analysis (32.1%). In model 1, a prostate-specific antigen density >0.15 was labeled as the strongest predictor of malignancy. In model 2, a prostate-specific antigen density >0.15, a Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data Systems score ≥3, and a Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data Systems score ≥4 demonstrated the strongest association with malignancy. Among these parameters, a Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data Systems score ≥4 ( P = .003) was found to be the most robust predictor for malignancy, followed by a Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data Systems score ≥3 ( P = .012). The multivariate analysis revealed higher accuracy in model 2 (76.9%) than in model 1 (67.8%). The area under curve values with respect to prostate-specific antigen, prostate-specific antigen density, model 1, and model 2 were 0.632, 0.741, 0.656, and 0.798, respectively. Conclusion: These results indicated that Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data Systems version 2.1 score and prostate-specific antigen density are independent predictors for the presence of clinically significant prostate cancer. Both prostate-specific antigen density and Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data Systems version 2.1 score should be risen to prominence in the decision of biopsy instead of PSA.