The Neotropical hylid genus Sphaenorhynchus includes 15 species of small, greenish treefrogs widespread in the Amazon and Orinoco basins, and in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. Although some studies have addressed the phylogenetic relationships of the genus with other hylids using a few exemplar species, its internal relationships remain poorly understood. In order to test its monophyly and the relationships among its species, we performed a total evidence phylogenetic analysis of sequences of three mitochondrial and three nuclear genes, and 193 phenotypic characters from all species of Sphaenorhynchus. Our results support the monophyly of Sphaenorhynchus with molecular and phenotypic evidence, with S. pauloalvini as the earliest diverging taxon, followed by S. carneus, as the sister taxon of all remaining species of the genus. We recognize three species groups in Sphaenorhynchus (the S. lacteus, S. planicola and S. platycephalus groups), to facilitate its taxonomic study; only three species (S. carneus, S. pauloalvini and S. prasinus) remain unassigned to any group. Sequence data were not available for only two species (S. bromelicola and S. palustris) for which we scored phenotypic data; wildcard behaviour was detected only in S. bromelicola nested inside the S. platycephalus group. On the basis of the resulting phylogenetic hypothesis, we discuss the evolution of oviposition site and a number of phenotypic characters that could be associated with heterochronic events in the evolutionary history of this group.

A new species of Leptotyphlops dulcis group is described from the central Brazilian Cerrado, which is diagnosed by rostral shape, general colour pattern, and number of middorsal and subcaudal scales. This taxon has been commonly misidentified as L. koppesi in some Brazilian collections and by some authors. Leptotyphlops koppesi was described from the municipality of Terenos, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, based on a single specimen. Since its original description, only three subsequent records appear in the literature reporting additional specimens of L. koppesi. We redescrib the holotype of Leptotyphlops koppesi, defining its geographic range and diagnose this from all species of L. dulcis group. Data on morphometric and meristic variation are reported for the new species and L. koppesi as well. Comparisons are made between the new species and all other South American species of the L. dulcis group. The hemipenis of the new species has a narrow basal portion and a series of lateral flounces. This general hemipenial morphology is unique among Neotropical leptotyphlopids, otherwise known only from Atlantic Rainforest species L. salgueiroi.

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ABSTRACT. T flXONOMIC NOTES ON P SEUDIS FUSCA Gfl RMflN fiNO P . BOLBOD.1CTYLA A. LUTZ, W ITH OESCRlPTION 01' A NEW CORRELATED SPECIES (ANURA, PSEUOIDAE). The taxonomic status of Pseudisfusca Garman and P. bo/bodac tyla A. Lutz is revalidated, and here they are considered fllll species. The rediscovely of P.Jusca is related, and a redescription of the species is presented. The redescription, the designation of the lectotype, and the description of the tadpole of P. bolbodactyla are provided. Pseudis locanlins sp.n. is described from the Tocantins river basin. The geographical distriblltion of these three species is discllssed.

The range of the genus Chiasmocleis found in the south-eastern and southern parts of the Atlantic rainforest of eastern Brazil, is expanded to the north-eastern region. Chiasmocleis alagoanus sp. nov. is described from two localities in the State of Alagoas. It is characterized by: medium size (snout±vent length 25.5±27.8 mm in females, 22.7±23.4 mm in males); snout short, tip truncate in dorsal and rounded in lateral pro®le; hand and foot not webbed; ®ngers and toes without lateral dermal spines; dorsal and ventral surfaces of body and limbs smooth, without dermal spines; colour on dorsum uniformly dark brown; venter roughly marbled in dark brown and pale cream.

We describe a new species of flea-toad related to Brachycephalus didactylus and B. hermogenesi from the Serra Bonita mountain, an Atlantic rainforest remnant in the Municipality of Camacan, State of Bahia, northeastern Brazil, constituting the northernmost record of the genus. Brachycephalus pulex sp. nov. is mainly diagnosed by the toe II externally absent, the toe V vestigial, fingers I and IV externally absent, and an inverted depigmented v-shaped mark on chest bordered above by a dark brown stripe on each side.

ABSfRACf. SPATIAL OCCUPATlON, FEEDlNG AND REPRODUCfIVE PERIOD OF NO SPECIES OF CORYDORAS LACÉPEDE (SILUROIDEI, CALLICHTHYIDAE) COEXISTENTS lN THE ALAMBARI RIVER (BOTUCATU, SÃO PAULO). Patterns of spatial occupation, feeding, and reproductive period of two species, Corydoras aeneus and Corydo ras gr. earlae (Siluroidei, Callichthyidae), coexistents in the Alambari River (Botucatu, São Paulo), were studied. High diet overlap, partial spatial segregation, and well differentiated reproductive strategies were verified. These findings do not permit to evidence the occurrence of competitive interactions between the analysed species. KEY WORDS. Siluroidei, Callichthyidae, spatial occupation, feeding; reproductive period o estudo da partilha de recursos entre espécies de uma comunidade pode fornecer dados importantes para o conhecimento da natureza das relações interespecíficas entre espécies coexistentes (SCHOENER, 1974).Durante estudo sobre a distribuição longitudinal de peixes em riachos da região de Botucatu (São Paulo), CARAMASCHI (1986) registrou Corydoras gr. carlae como espécie constante no trecho médio e Corydoras aeneus como constante nos trechos médio e inferior de alguns cursos d'água. Foi constatada, portanto, coexistência das duas espécies no trecho médio desses rios, o que motivou o estudo da partilha de recursos entre elas.Assim sendo, neste trabalho são apresentados os resultados da análise da segregação espacial e alimentar, bem como aspectos da reprodução, de Corydoras gr. car/ae e C. aeneus coexistentes em um riacho daquela região.

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