PurposeThe aim of this paper is to debate various critical issues in the implementation and use of the balanced scorecard (BSC) as a management control tool. Because there is no self‐evident solution to these critical issues, they are termed dilemmas.Design/methodology/approachThe paper contributes to the BSC debate by collecting insights from empirical findings, as well as exploring various theoretical aspects.FindingsAfter presenting four perceived dilemmas and how they affect the implementation and use of the BSC in various settings, the paper concludes that there is a need for further debate and research on these dilemmas.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper is primarily a contribution to the debate concerning the balanced scorecard and its range of application as a management control model.Practical implicationsThe paper is motivated by an overall high rate of implementation failure in various practical settings.Originality/valueSome of the problems described have been debated before, whereas others are new. However, there has been hardly any discussion of the dilemmas in conjunction with one another. The paper is an attempt to generate important new questions about the future implementation and use of the BSC.
The article reveals a need for greater understanding and use of corporate intellectual capital (IC) information within two connected capital market areas. Firstly with regard to the conceptualisation and valuation process these capital market agents (analysts and fund managers) conduct. Secondly, within the capital market agents' own value creation chain. The concept of the value creation chain is combined with an analysis of the barriers faced by capital market agents represented by fund managers and analysts. These barriers are proposed to comprise knowledge, uncertainty, ownership and management problems. In addition, cultural pressures within analyst and fund manager communities are viewed as contributors to information barriers. Such problems are exacerbated by additional market induced problems of severe time constraints and conflicts of interest.
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