Quercetin, a flavonoid, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and the potential to inhibit the proliferation of cancer, but its therapeutic efficacy is lowered due to poor solubility and bioavailability. Quercetin-loaded nanocochleates (QN) were developed using a trapping method by the addition of calcium ions into preformed negatively charged liposomes (QL) prepared by a thin-film hydration method. Liposomes were optimized by varying the concentration of Dimyristoyl phosphatidyl glycerol and quercetin by applying D-optimal factorial design using Design-Expert® software. Stable rods were observed using TEM with an average particle size, zeta potential and encapsulation efficiency of 502 nm, −18.52 mV and 88.62%, respectively, for QN which were developed from spherical QL showing 111.06 nm, −40.33 mV and 74.2%, respectively. In vitro release of quercetin from QN and QL was extended to 24 h. Poor bioavailability of quercetin is due to its degradation in the liver, so to mimic in vivo conditions, the degradation of quercetin released from QL and QN was studied in the presence of rat liver homogenate (S9G) and results revealed that QN, due to its unique structure, i.e., series of rolled up solid layers, shielded quercetin from the external environment and protected it. The safety and biocompatibility of QL and QN were provenby performing cytotoxicity studies on fibroblast L929 cell lines. QN showed superior anticancer activity compared to QL, as seen for human mouth cancerKB cell lines. Stability studies proved that nanocochleates were more stable than liposomal formulations. Thus, nanocochleates might serve as pharmaceutical nanocarriers for the improved efficacy of drugs with low aqueous solubility, poor bioavailability, poor targeting ability and stability.
Breast cancer is the form of cancer most prevalent and intensified progressively among the women population. The propagation of breast cancers takes place in different stages and diagnosed lately. Various approaches have been emerged to treat this clinical condition but these are also integrated with varied side effects. The reason might be attributed to undesired effects of the chemotherapeutic agent and/or haphazard damage to both healthy and cancerous cells. These hitches induce the urge for targeting cancerous cells by the utilization of novel therapeutic platforms. Nano-drug delivery systems are a cluster of different approaches to treating various severe diseases. Henceforward this concept is also applied in the treatment of breast cancer. Nanoparticles exhibits numerous benefits mainly, reduction in dose and low toxicity, solubility enhancement of certain drugs, increased cellular uptake etc. These are the efficient carrier of hydrophobic drugs as these drugs possess challenges in solubility and bioavailability. Cellular uptake by tumor cells is better by nanocarriers owing to a smaller size. The current review is aimed to through light on recent advances in nano-drug targeting in the management of breast cancer.
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