Medicinal plants have been used as herbal remedies against many infectious diseases throughout the history of mankind. They contain secondary metabolites which have great therapeutic potential in the treatment of diseases. This study was carried out to investigate the antimicrobial activity of Sida acuta leave extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli isolated from urinary tract infections. The ethanol, methanol and chloroform extracts of Sida acuta leaves were prepared using cold extraction method. Antimicrobial sensitivity test was carried out on the different extracts using Agar-well diffusion method. The zones of inhibition were measured after 24 hours incubation. The results obtained from the study showed that the ethanol extract had more inhibitory activity on S. aureus with 24mm as the zone of inhibition at the concentration of 200mg/ml and a lower inhibitory effect on E. coli with 19mm as the zone of inhibition at the same concentration. Also, the methanol extract (21mm at 200mg/ml) and chloroform extract (19mm at 200mg/ml) had lower inhibitory effect on S. aureus with 20mm as the zone of inhibition and 19mm as the zone of inhibition on E. coli at the same concentration. The MIC of the ethanol, methanol and chloroform extracts of Sida acuta leave were determined using the broth dilution method. The MIC of the ethanol and methanol extracts on the test organisms were 12.5 mg/ml and 25mg/ml on S. aureus and E. coli respectively while the MBC of the extracts ranged between 12.5mg/ml and 100mg/ml respectively. The chloroform extracts showed no bactericidal effect on the test organisms. The phytochemical analysis carried out on the plant extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, steroids and terpanoids. These secondary metabolites are responsible for the antimicrobial activities which aids in the treatment of diseases. This study therefore encourages the use of this plant extract in the treatment of human diseases caused by the test organisms.
The prevalence rates of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma Spp and the evaluation of edible herbs against genital mycoplasmas were determined among university students in Enugu state, Nigeria. Specimens from 2400 subjects comprising of 1200 male and female subjects were tested for Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma Spp. Cultures were done on Mycoplasma agar, A7agar and urea-arginine LYO2 broth. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was determined by Mycoplasma IST2 kit. Preliminary qualitative phytochemical analysis was done using standard methods to reveal the presence of basic phytochemicals. Rizomes of Curcuma longa, garlic and ginger, cloves and seeds of Garcina kola were extracted with water, methanol and ethanol sequentially and reconstituted with dimethyl -sulfoxide to concentrations (mg/ml) of 200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, 3.125 and 1.56. Mycoplasma isolates were screened for sensitivity to the extracts using agar well diffusion and broth diffusion methods. Mycoplasma hominis occurred more in women at (81.6%) while Ureaplasma Spp occurred more in men at (88%). Mycoplasma hominis (98%) and Ureaplasma Spp (91.6%) showed high sensitivityto ciprofloxacin. The test plants all showed presence of alkaloids, tannis, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, phenols and cardiac glycosides. At 200mg/ml Garcina kola and Curcurma longa showed higher zones of inhibition at 35mm on Mycoplasma hominis and ureaplasma Spp. Syngestic activities of ethanolic extracts of Curcuma longa and garlic showed high zones of inhibition at 45mm on Mycoplasma hominis while at 200mg/ml Garcina kola and cloves showed zones of inhibition at 45mm on ureaplasma spp. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) results of the syngestic plants were 1.56mg/ml on all the isolates. The Results from the study showed that there is high prevalence of Mycoplasma hominis in women while Ureaplasma Spp while Ureaplasma Spp occurred more in men in the study area. The synergistic activities of selected edible plants showed higher efficacy on resistant isolates and suggest its use in the treatment of genital Mycoplasmas.
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