ARTICLE INFO ______________________________________________________________ ______________________Objective: To estimate the kidney volume of the healthy Turkish population using ultrasound and to evaluate the relationship between kidney volume and body indexes. Materials and methods: Kidney ultrasound evaluation was performed on 152 patients (mean age: 42±13.7 years). Kidney length, width and thickness were measured using ultrasound. Mean total and parenchymal volume were also calculated. Patients' age, sex, weight, height and body mass index (BMI) (kg/m²) were recorded.Results: According to ultrasound, kidney lengths were 10.3±7.8 cm for the right and 10.4±9 cm for the left. Volumes were 158±39 cm 3 for the right and 168±40 cm 3 for the left. Volumes in women were 151.8±39 cm 3 for the right and 159.8±37 cm 3 for the left, and 164.3±38 cm 3 for the right and 175.8±41 cm 3 for the left in men. Kidney measurements correlated with body height and weight. A strong correlation with total kidney volume and kidney measurements was determined for body weight for both kidneys (p<0.001). A significant correlation with kidney volume and width was determined for both kidneys (p<0.001). A positive correlation was also found between parenchymal and total kidney volume for both kidneys (p<0.001). Conclusion:The most significant factors associated with kidney volume for both kidneys in the Turkish population are kidney width and body weight. Measuring kidney volume with ultrasound is a feasible modality and is widely available for daily clinical practice.

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A 45-year-old woman with a history of recurrent pulmonary embolism was admitted to the emergency clinic with dyspnea, wheezing and tachypnea. Partial deep vein thrombosis of the popliteal vein was seen on Doppler sonography. On the contrast-enhanced thorax computed tomography (CT) scan, a clot was detected in the right main pulmonary artery and its major descending branch. Moreover, the azygos vein was prominently dilated. Abdominal multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) scan revealed absence of the hepatic segment of the inferior vena cava (IVC) with continuation of the IVC as a dilated right-sided azygos vein. The hepatic veins were draining directly into the right atrium. Thus, we discuss herein this rare anatomic variant presented with recurrent pulmonary embolism, together with the findings on MSCT.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 3 Tesla (3T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) noise on cochlear functions. Methods: The distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) test was applied to patients who were scheduled to have 3T MRI in the tertiary care center. Patients who revealed emission amplitudes at all frequencies (1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 kHz) in the DPOAE test before MRI were included in the study. After MRI, the DPOAE test was performed twice on 17 patients (33 ears) (immediately after MRI and 30 minutes after MRI). The changes in the results of the tests taken before MRI (pre-MRI), immediately after MRI (post-MRI 1), and at 30 minutes after MRI (post-MRI 2) in the DPOAE amplitudes at all frequencies were compared statistically. Results: There was a significant difference between pre-MRI, post-MRI 1, and post-MRI 2 measurements at 3, 6, and 8 kHz. In pairwise comparisons; post-MRI 1 was statistically lower than post-MRI 2 at 3 kHz, and post-MRI 1 was statistically lower than pre-MRI and post-MRI 2 at 6 and 8 kHz. In addition, post-MRI 2 was significantly lower than pre-MRI at 8 kHz. Conclusion: According to these results, 3T MRI noise does not have any permanent negative impact on hearing functions. It can only cause DPOAE amplitude changes at high frequencies. This is a clinically negligible effect. Therefore, it can be considered that the 3T MRI examination with protective headphones does not cause any adverse side effects in terms of hearing functions.

Objective: The aim of our study was to compare the diagnostic ability of oral added intravenous (IV) contrastenhanced multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) versus only IV contrast-enhanced MDCT in diagnosing of acute appendicitis. Materials and methods: MDCT images of 200 patients were evaluated prospectively in this study. Patients were randomized into one of two groups: Group 1 (Gp1) patients underwent 16-MDCT performed with oral and IV contrast-enhanced and Group 2 (Gp2) subjects underwent 16-MDCT with only IV contrast-enhanced protocol. Final decision was based on histopathologic operative data and follow-up of patients. Results: In Gp1, Reader1 had 96.9% and 98.5% and Reader2 had 84% and 94.7% sensitivity and specificity values respectively. For Gp2, the values for Reader1 were 81% and 94%. For Reader2 in Gp2, the values were 76% and 91%. We achieved higher sensitivity and specificity values with combined contrast administration versus only IV contrastenhanced MDCT imaging. However, there was no statistically significant differences between two readers in the AUC values of each group for the detection of acute appendicitis. Conclusion: It is statistically concluded that oral contrast do not contribute to the a better accuracy. So in the routine practice, oral contrast has not to be recommended. Key-word: Appendicitis.From: 1.

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The known about this topic Adenoid hypertrophy is the most common cause of sleep-related breathing disorders in childhood. Respiratory problems due to adenoid hypertrophy often occur in children 4-7 years old. Contribution of the study Adenoid hypertrophy is not an expected condition among the causes of acute severe upper respiratory obstruction in children. Our study presents an extremely rare clinical presentation of this very common disease. Adenoid hypertrophy occurs due to enlarged lymphoid tissue, and occuring clinical sign is extremely rare for children under 1 year-old. The current study reveals that adenoid hypertrophy should be kept in mind for the differential diagnosis of upper respiratory tract obstruction in children under 1 year of age.