Purpose The purpose of this study is to detect and reconstruct a fault in pitot probe and static ports, which are components of the air data system in commercial aircrafts, without false alarm and no need for pitot-static measurements. In this way, flight crew will be prevented from flying according to incorrect data and aircraft accidents that may occur will be prevented. Design/methodology/approach Real flight data collected from a local airline was used to design the relevant system. Correlation analysis was performed to select the data related to the airspeed and altitude. Fault detection and reconstruction were carried out by using adaptive neural fuzzy inference system and artificial neural networks, which are machine learning methods. MATLAB software was used for all the calculations. Findings No false alarm was detected when the fault test following the fault modeling was carried out at 0–2 s range by filtering the residual signal. When the fault was detected, fault reconstruction process was initiated so that system output could be achieved according to estimated sensor data. Practical implications The presented alternative analytical redundant airspeed and altitude calculation scheme could be used when the pitot-static system contains any fault condition. Originality/value Instead of using the methods based on hardware redundancy, the authors designed a new system within the scope of this study. Fault situations that may occur in pitot probes and static ports are modeled and different fault scenarios that can be encountered in all flight phases have been examined.
Weaning is important for patients and clinicians who have to determine correct weaning time so that patients do not become addicted to the ventilator. There are already some predictors developed, such as the rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI), the pressure time index (PTI), and Jabour weaning index. Many important dimensions of weaning are sometimes ignored by these predictors. This is an attempt to develop a knowledge-based weaning process via fuzzy logic that eliminates the disadvantages of the present predictors. Sixteen vital parameters listed in published literature have been used to determine the weaning decisions in the developed system. Since there are considered to be too many individual parameters in it, related parameters were grouped together to determine acid-base balance, adequate oxygenation, adequate pulmonary function, hemodynamic stability, and the psychological status of the patients. To test the performance of the developed algorithm, 20 clinical scenarios were generated using Monte Carlo simulations and the Gaussian distribution method. The developed knowledge-based algorithm and RSBI predictor were applied to the generated scenarios. Finally, a clinician evaluated each clinical scenario independently. The Student's t test was used to show the statistical differences between the developed weaning algorithm, RSBI, and the clinician's evaluation. According to the results obtained, there were no statistical differences between the proposed methods and the clinician evaluations.
In this study, a comparison in terms of environmental impact is carried out between regional jet and narrow-body passenger aircraft with different Maximum Take-Off Weights (MTOW) and seating capacities considering the fuel burn and emissions. The flight trajectory is selected from Erzincan Yıldırım Akbulut Airport to Ankara Esenboğa Airport and that trajectory is a frequently performed domestic flight between Erzincan and Ankara. Integrated Aircraft Noise and Emissions Modelling Platform (IMPACT) developed by EUROCONTROL is used for the calculation of fuel burn, CO2, H2O, and other gas emissions (NOx, SOx, CO, HC, soot, and other trace compounds) for the per phase of flight. These emissions have an impact on human health, air quality, and the ecosystem, and cause air pollution, climate change, and global warming worldwide. Commercial air-transport-based simulations are created for regional jet and narrow-body passenger aircraft. According to the results, flying with regional jets which have lower MTOW from/to airports such as Erzincan Yıldırım Akbulut Airport, where the passenger density per aircraft is low, provides advantages in terms of fuel burn and emissions. It is expected that this study will serve as a guide for airline operators for fleet selection based on fuel burn and emission parameters.
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