Increased MPV reflects enhanced platelet activation which may be caused by impairment in uteroplacental circulation. When MPV of 10.1 or more and PAPP-A MoM of 0.33 or less are combined as a threshold, the pregnancies that are destined to develop IUGR and pre-eclampsia can be predicted with considerably high sensitivity and specificity. The MPV and PAPP-A combination can be addressed as a useful biochemical tool for the prediction of IUGR and pre-eclampsia in late first trimester.

roup B streptococcus (GBS) is usually a microorganism that asymptomatically colonizes the vaginal and rectal areas of 10-30% of pregnant women. The prevalence of GBS colonization varies significantly with respect to geographic location and socioeconomic status. 1,2

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