Significant heterogeneity has previously been reported but with no consensus on the prevalence of dental anomalies in subjects with a cleft lip and palate (CLP), thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency of various dental anomalies in the upper dental arch in different cleft groups. Diagnostic records, i.e., panoramic, occlusal and periapical films, dental casts, and intra-oral photographs, of 122 subjects (mean age: 14 +/- 5 years; 67 males and 55 females) were grouped as either unilateral left cleft lip and palate (ULCLP), unilateral right cleft lip and palate (URCLP), bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP), or cleft palate (CP). Prevalence rates of 15 different dental anomalies were calculated for each group. Wilcoxon's test was used to determine if there was a statistically significant difference in the number of missing teeth between the right and left sides, in each cleft group. Overall, 96.7 percent of patients were found to have at least one dental anomaly. The most prevalent was agenesis in the anterior region on the cleft side (70.8-97.1 percent). There was a statistically significant difference in the prevalence of agenesis by cleft and non-cleft sides but only in the ULCLP group (P< 0.001). Significantly higher rates of impaction were observed in the anterior and premolar regions in the CLP groups (2.9-29.2 percent), with the highest rates in the anterior region on the cleft sides. A very high proportion of subjects were found to have at least one dental anomaly. Thus, the management of dental anomalies should be central to the treatment planning process of individuals with a cleft.
Objective: To determine the changes in the position and area of nasal and labial soft tissues in adult skeletal Class III patients who underwent bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. Materials and Methods: Pretreatment (T1), preoperative (T2), and posttreatment (T3) cephalometric variables and upper-lower lip areas were measured on lateral cephalometric radiographs for 20 individuals (9 male, 11 female; mean age 21.3 years at T1, 22.4 years at T2, and 23.4 years at T3) who had maxillary advancement and mandibular setback. Analysis of variance (AN-OVA) and Duncan tests were used to compare the cephalometric and area measurements at the beginning of treatment, and at presurgery and postsurgery, respectively. Paired t-tests were also performed to analyze changes within the periods. Results: The tip of the nose was affected less with the movement of the underlying skeletal structure (0.25%), while the soft tissue B point (BЈ) moved equally with the skeletal B point. As the maxilla related variables increased due to the forward movement, the upper labial areas decreased. With the backward movement of the mandible, the middle and inferior lower labial areas increased, while the superior lower labial area decreased. Conclusions:The results of our study suggest that the dramatic improvement in the facial profiles of the bimaxillary surgery patients is primarily related to the backward movement of the mandible and the significant reduction in the superior lower lip area.
Objective: To determine the effect of orthognathic surgery on pharyngeal airway in Class III patients and to (1) compare the results of different surgical techniques, (2) determine the change at the position of the hyoid bone, and (3) evaluate the craniocervical posture changes related to pharyngeal airway change. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight Class III adult patients were included in the study to assess airway space after orthognathic surgery. Nine patients were treated with maxillary advancement, seven patients were treated with mandibular set back, and 32 patients were treated with bimaxillary surgery. Cephalometric records were taken before treatment, after surgery, and about 1 year after surgery (at the end of the treatment). Results: No differences were determined at the position of hyoid bone and craniocervical posture. Nasopharyngeal area was significantly increased in all groups (P , .05). Oropharyngeal area and SPSS and IPS parameters were significantly decreased after mandibular set back operation (P , .05). In bimaxillary and maxillary advancement groups, PPS parameter was significantly increased (P , .01), and IPS parameter was significantly decreased (P , .05). No differences were detected at oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal areas in bimaxillary and maxillary advancement groups. Conclusion: Different surgical procedures have different effects on pharyngeal airway space. (Angle Orthod. 2012;82:993-1000.)
SUMMARY The aim of this study was to investigate the differences between two groups of patients with either erupted or impacted mandibular third molars before and after orthodontic treatment. All patients were treated with Begg appliances following extraction of the four first premolars. The erupted group consisted of 14 subjects and the impacted group 13 subjects.Lateral cephalometric films, peri-apical radiographs, orthopantomographs and orthodontic casts of each subject were taken before and after treatment. Thirteen measurements were carried out on the lateral cephalometric radiographs.The results revealed slightly more vertical growth and a smaller mandibular arc angle in the erupted group at pre-treatment, and also a more upright lower third molar position and slightly greater distance between the distal point of the lower second molars and the centre of ramus (Xi) in the same group. In the course of treatment, mandibular third molars seemed less likely to erupt when the condyle grew vertically. The lesser resorption on the anterior border of the ramus might have played a part in this finding. In addition, a greater mesial inclination of the mandibular third molars might be an indication of the tendency for these teeth to be impacted in the present study.
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