The present study was conducted to correlate the biotypes of Gardnerella vaginalis strains isolated from cases of bacterial vaginosis and their virulence factors. Thirty-two strains of G. vaginalis isolated from cases of bacterial vaginosis were biotyped. Adherence to vaginal epithelial cells, biofi lm production, surface hydrophobicity, phospholipase C and protease activity were tested on these isolates. Biotype 1 was the most prevalent (8; 25%), followed by biotype 2 (7; 21.9%) and biotypes 5 and 8 (5; 15.6%). We did not fi nd any statistical correlation between G. vaginalis biotypes and its virulence factors. Virulence factors expressed by G. vaginalis were not associated with a single biotype.
To study the risk factors and outcome of blood stream infection caused by non-fermenting gram negative bacilli (NFGNB) and their pattern of antibiotic susceptibility and genes. We included sepsis cases with blood culture positive for NFGNB. MIC for colistin was determined by broth microdilution method. Multiplex PCR was used to detect BlaIMP, BlaVIM, BlaKPC, BlaNDM-1 genes in cephalosporin and carbapenems resistant Acinetobacter spp. isolates. Out of 4,664 cases of sepsis, 50 (1.07%) were positive for NFGNB. Acinetobacter spp. 29 (58%) was the predominant isolate, of which 16 (55.17%) isolates were resistant to cephalosporins and carbapenems. We detected BlaKPC and BlaNDM-1 genes in two of these isolates. We did not detect BlaIMP, BlaVIM, BlaKPC and BlaNDM-1 genes in any other NFGNB isolates. Majority of the strains of Pseudomonas spp. showed sensitivity to all the antibiotics tested. NFGNB sepsis patients with respiratory illness correlated well with fatal outcome (p <0.05; OR 21). More numbers of Acinetobacter spp. sepsis cases had fatal outcome (p <0.05; OR 12.83). NFGNB sepsis patients with respiratory illness and those which yielded Acinetobacter spp. correlated positively with fatal outcome. We detected BlaKPC and BlaNDM-1 genes in two strains of drug resistant Acinetobacter spp.
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