A bstract Aim To determine the prevalence of traumatic dental injuries (TDI) in permanent anterior teeth and their association with risk factors among children aged 7–13 years of government and private schools in Kakinada and Rajanagaram of East Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was carried out among 2,325 school children aged 7–13 years. Each child was examined for TDI, degree of overjet, molar relation, lip coverage, and facial profile. The results were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software and the Chi-squared test was used to compare qualitative data. Results The results show that the prevalence of trauma was found to be 12.1%, and there was no disparity between government or private schools and urban and rural areas. There was no much sex predilection. High school children are more prone to TDI than primary school children. The most common place was found to be home, and the most common cause is unknown. Maxillary central incisors are the most commonly affected and enamel fracture is the most common fracture. Among the subjects with trauma, only 4.1% sought treatment. Conclusion The subjects with trauma in the present study are found to be having a positive association with risk factors, such as increased overjet, class II division 1 molar relationship, convex facial profile, and inadequate lip coverage. Evidence of a lower rate of treatment outcomes shows the need for increased awareness among parents, teachers, and healthcare providers and the elaboration of prevention strategies for TDI at the population level. How to cite this article Panangipalli SS, Vasepalli M, Punithavathy R, et al. Prevalence of Traumatic Injuries to Permanent Anterior Teeth and Predisposing Risk Factors among Government and Private School Children of Kakinada and Rajanagaram of East Godavari District. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(5):596-602.

Aim To compare the bacterial leakage of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and biodentine when used as an apical plug in immature permanent teeth. Materials and methods It was a randomized double-blind in vitro study. A total of 60 teeth were divided into 2 groups of MTA and biodentine, which were further divided into 2 subgroups ( n = 30) each based on the apical plug thickness of 2 and 4 mm. The teeth were cleaned and shaped; root-end resection and canal preparation were done. Mineral trioxide aggregate and biodentine were mixed and filled as apical plugs of 2 or 4 mm thickness. Enterococcus faecalis was used to assess the bacterial leakage of the filled samples. Statistical analysis The comparison between the two groups was done by Chi-square test for categorical data. All p values <0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Results A 4 mm apical plug of biodentine showed the least amount of bacterial leakage followed by 2 mm MTA and 4 mm MTA. A 2 mm apical plug of biodentine showed the maximum bacterial leakage. But this was not statistically significant over a period of 3 months. There was a statistically significant difference ( p value = 0.042) among the total number of samples that leaked in the 2 and 4 mm biodentine group. Conclusion Mineral trioxide aggregate and biodentine had a similar apical sealing ability. The apical sealing ability of biodentine at 4 mm thickness was greater than 2 mm thickness. Clinical significance The apical leakage of the materials used in apexification is one of the main causes of endodontic failures in immature necrotic teeth. Materials like MTA and biodentine have overcome various drawbacks of calcium hydroxide as apexification material. The thickness of the apical plug plays an important role in preventing any microorganism from entering the periapical area, hence maintaining an adequate seal. How to cite this article Abbas A, Kethineni B, Puppala R, et al. Efficacy of MTA and Biodentine as Apical Barriers in Immature Permanent Teeth: A Microbiological Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(6):656–662.

Background. Tooth injuries lead to functional, aesthetic, and psychological disorders, accompanied by the great concern of the child, the parents, and the dentist. Aim. (a) To assess the prevalence of traumatic dental injury (TDI) and its relationship to risk variables among 8–15-year-old school children in Mahbubnagar, India. (b) To collect baseline data as there are limited reports of TDI studies in South India to date. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 6643 children from 78 schools in Mahbubnagar using a multilevel random sampling method. The permanent incisors were examined according to the WHO classification using a standard oral mirror and probe. Individuals with clinical evidence of trauma were asked about the details of the injury event using a structured questionnaire. The chi-square test analyzed the distribution of all measurements in this study with a statistical significance of 0.05. Results. Among the 6643 children from the 78 schools surveyed, 9.3% experienced TDI. TDI occurred in 68% of boys, which was about twice as high in girls at 32%. The most commonly affected teeth were the maxillary central incisors. A higher number of children with an incisal overjet more significant than 3 mm had TDI than the children less than 3 mm, although this difference was not statistically significant. The lip closure incompetence was more common in children with TDI. The most frequent causes of TDI were falls, and the site of occurrence was school. Type I fractures were the most prevalent and most went untreated. Conclusion. The high level of dental trauma and the low percentage of children with trauma seeking treatment emphasize the need for greater awareness among the Mahbubnagar children.

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