“Primary Biological Aerosol Particles (PBAPs)” are vast volumes present of the air particles that are made up mostly of fungal spores. Fungal spores are considered as most important aeroallergens and cause adverse effects on plant and human health. Aerobiological monitoring revealed that they are constantly present in the atmosphere, although their concentrations change depending on the weather and locations. In addition, the presence of vegetation and its dissemination between indoor and outdoor environments also affects the fungal spore densities. This review briefly discusses various spore sampling techniques and categorizes the significant spore types for their detrimental properties on crops. The general population and identification of the variables influencing their dispersal and growth is also discussed along with currently used techniques for predicting fungal spore concentrations.
Airborne fungal spores are important bioparticles that are the leading cause of allergic reactions in humans. Therefore, weather information and in which month the maximum number of fungal spores are found are all beneficial in treating fungal allergy patients. Keeping all these in mind, an aerial survey was conducted in Jhajjar City for one year (August 2020 to July 2021). We used a volumetric Petri plate and a Durham gravity sampler. A total of 39 fungal spore were detected during the whole year. In which 30 genera were viable and Non-viable fungal spores. The highest concentration of Cladosporium spp. (26.18%) of recorded was followed by Aspergillus niger (11.61%), Alternaria (9.98%), Epicoccum (8.93%), and Candida albicans (8.20%). A total of ten Fungi were recorded in the highest concentration.
Plant lices are tiny, soft-bodied arthropod insects which feed on sap of plants. Aphids are another name for these insects. They are members of the Aphidinae subfamily. Aphids fall into 60 genera and have roughly 400 species globally. In India, there are 25 genera with 125 species of aphids, while Uttarakhand (plains to very high altitudes) has 4 genera with 125 species of aphids. There are 65 different types of aphids, with the genus Aphidius having the most species overall. Aphids are greatly harming horticulture fruits and vegetables as well as agricultural crops. Temperature, humidity, and other environmental conditions affect its outbreak. Aphids are tiny, soft-bodied, viviparous, parasitic insects that lack wings and have wax secreting tubes on their abdomens. They can stunt plant growth, create plant galls, spread viral diseases to plants, and deform leaves, buds, and flowers. They have an impact on both plants, such as roses, lilies, and marigolds, as well as fruits and vegetables including mustard, cabbage, peas, potatoes, and beans. The mountainous area lacks data on the variety, ecology, and inventory of aphids. So an effort has been made to review the aphids diversity in India.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.