SUMMARY Serial studies were carried out on the EEG and sleep rhythms of 24 short‐gestation and small for‐dates babies. A regular cyclical alternation of eye movement sleep with non eye‐movement sleep was identifiable in all short gestation babies studied. The EEG was periodic in REM sleep up to 32/52 total age, and was continuous thereafter; in non‐REM sleep the EEG was always periodic, but the periodicity became regular at 36 weeks total age. ‘Slow waves’, (1–3 c.p.s.), ‘intermediate slow waves’ (4–6 c.p.s.), and ‘fast activity’ (14–24 c.p.s.), disappeared from the EEG in REM sleep at 34 weeks, but persisted for longer in non‐REM sleep. ‘Frontal humps’ and a period of marked flattening following non‐REM sleep appeared in the EEG during REM sleep at 36 weeks. Vertex sharp waves appeared during non‐REM sleep at 36 weeks. RÉSUMÉ Développement des rythmes innés de sommeil chez les enfants nés avant terme Des études en série ont été entreprises sur les EEG et les rythmes de sommeil d'enfants nés avant terme. Une succession cyclique régulière de sommeil avec mouvements oculaires et de sommeil sans mouvement oculaire a pu être observés chez tous les bébés nés avant terme étudiés. L'EEG est périodique durant le sommeil avec mouvement oculaire jusqu'à 32 semaines d'âge total et est ensuite continu. Dans le sommeil sans mouvement oculaire, l'EEG est toujours périodique mais la périodicité devient régulière à 36 semaines d'âge total. Les ‘ondes lentes’ (1 à 3 c.p.s.) les ‘ondes intermédiaires’ (4 à 6 c.p.s.) et l' ‘activité rapide’ (14 à 24 c.p.s.) disparaissent de l'EEG durant le sommeil à mouvement oculaire à 34 semaines d'âge total mais persiste plus longtemps dans le sommeil sans mouvement oculaire. Des ‘bases frontales’ et une période d'aplatissement accentuéà la suite du sommeil sans mouvement oculaire apparaissent à l'EEG durant le sommeil avec movement oculaire à 35 semaines d'âge total; des ondes pointues au niveau du vertex apparaissent durant le sommeil sans mouvement oculaire à 36 semaines d'âge total. ZUSAMENFASSUNG Die Entwicklung eines angeborenen Schlafrhythmus bei frühgeborenen Kindern Über das EEG und den Schlafrhythmus frühgeborener Kinder wurden Verlaufsuntersuchungen angestellt. Ein regelmäßiger zyklischer Wechsel von Augen‐Bewegungs‐Schlaf und Nicht‐Augen‐Bewegungs‐Schlaf fand sich bei allen untersuchten frühgeborenen Kindern. Das EEG war beim RAB‐Schlaf bis zum Alter von 32/52 periodisch und danach gleichbleibend; beim Nicht‐RAB‐Schlaf waren die EEGS immer periodisch, aber die Perioden wurden im Alter von 36/52 regelmäßig. ‘Langsame Wellen’ (1–3 c.p.s.), ‘Zwischenwellen’ (4–6 c.p.s.) und ‘schnelle Aktivität’ (14–24 c.p.s.) verschwanden beim RAB‐Schlaf mit 34/52 aus dem EEG, hielten jedoch beim Nicht RAB‐Schlaf länger an. RESUMEN El desarrollo de los ritmos de sue no innatos en lactantes de gestatión corta Se realizaron estudios seriados del EEG y ritmos de sueño en niños de corta gestatión. En todos los casos estudiados fue identificable una alternancia cíclica regular del movimiento ocular durante e...
THE EEG and the concurrent changes in physical state of the newborn baby during eye-movement sleep have been well described (Dreyfns-Brisac and Monod, 1965;Monod and Pajot, 1965;Goldie and van Velzer, 1965;Roffward, Muzio and Dement, 1966;Prechtl and Lenard, 1967;Parmelee et al., 1968;Goldie et al., 1970). These studies have clearly established the association of eye-movements, frequent small body movements, faster and more irregular pulse and respiration rate, with a pattern of continuous EEG activity which lasts for approximately 75 per cent of each sleep cyclie of one hour. In non-eye-movement sleep, lasting for approximately 25 per cent of the sleep cycle, the child lies completely still apart from occasional startles, the pulse and respiration are slower and more regular, and the EEG has a regular periodicity, with high amplitude activity which lasts 1-2 sec, alternating regularly with low amplitude activity which lasts 6-8 sec.This paper described the occurrence of spontaneous sucking movements during these different clinical phases of sleep, and relates them to the EEG changes, METHODSThirty babies were investigated. They had been admitted to the neonatal ward because of low birth weight, or an intercurrent illness in an otherwise normal newborn baby which necessitated its transfer from the lying-in wards. The clinical data on these babies is shown in Table 1. Their gestation, ranged from 29/52 weeks to past term, and their birth weight from 820 g to 3560 g.The EEGs were recorded on a 16-channel Kaiser electroencephalograph, using nine standard silver cup electrodes. The scalp was prepared with acetone and electrode paste, and the electrodes were secured with a small square gauze soaked in simple collodion. Eye movements were not recorded mechanically due to the difficulty in scaling down eye-movement recorders for use in babies of under 1500 g. body weight, but were closely observed and noted on the record by the technician. All recordings were bipolar, using both longitudinal and transverse montage. A time constant of 0*3 sec was used, and the amplification was lOuV/mm pen deflection. The paper speed varied from 10 to 30 mm/sec; 30 mm/sec was most commonly used. Two silver cup electrodes were attached under the chin with S.L.E. self-
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