Hypertensive disease today is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases, as well as the most common disease associated with obesity. Evaluation of the level of adipokines, namely adiponutrin and galanin, depending on the degree and duration of hypertension, the degree of obesity and their correction against the background of combined antihypertensive therapy is relevant for further understanding of this comorbidity and improvement of the early diagnostics. 127 people were examined, including 107 patients with hypertension of degree 1–3 and 20 healthy persons. Of the patients included in the study, the adiponutrin and the galanin levels were determined in 58 patients, out of which 22 were prescribed different regimens of combined antihypertensive therapy. To determine the level of adiponutrin and galanin, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used. A significant increase was found in the blood serum of the examined adipokines in comparison with the control group: the galanin level was 4.8 times higher than in the control group, the adiponutrin level in patients with this comorbid pathology was 3.3 times higher than that in the control group. The galanin level is most pronounced in patients with hypertension of degree 3 and obesity of degree 3, which is confirmed by the presence of a direct correlation with systolic, diastolic and pulse blood pressure, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol. The adiponutrin level in the blood serum increased correspondingly to the increase in body mass index: in patients with obesity of degree 3 it was 15.8 times higher than this indicator in patients with normal body weight, 8.8 times higher than in patients with overweight, 6.1 times higher than in patients with obesity of degree 1 and 2.5 times higher than in patients with obesity of degree 2. The levels of the studied adipokines in patients differed also relative to the duration of hypertension. There was a 1.8-, 5.1-, 5.2-fold increase (respectively, ≤5, 6–10, >10 years) of the galanin content in the blood serum compared to the control group. Also an increase of the serum adiponutrin level was noted in comparison with the control group. Against the background of combined antihypertensive therapy, we observed favourable dynamics of galanin and adiponutrin. It is important to conduct further studies to assess the activity of galanin and adiponutrin with a longer follow-up period in wider populations.
Introduction. Well-known the fact that obesity, especially its abdominal (visceral) form, is one of the most important risk factors for hypertension. The purpose: to determine the level of adiponutrin in patients with hypertension and obesity. Assess how the degree of hypertension and obesity affects the level of adiponutrin in our patients with this comorbid pathology. Materials and methods. The study included 58 patients with hypertension. Grade 1 was diagnosed in 12 (20.69%), grade 2 - in 16 (27.59%), grade 3 - in 30 (51.72%) examined patients. Of these, 32 women and 26 men aged 32 to 79 years (mean age 57.5 ± 10.11 years). Patients underwent anthropometric measurements, assessed lipid profile and changes in carbohydrate metabolism, adiponutrin levels. Results. The level of adiponutrin in all groups of hypertensive patients with overweight and obesity was significantly increased compared to the control group, but the degree of hypertension did not affect the level of adiponutrin. However, the concentration of the latter in the serum gradually increases according to the duration of hypertension. In addition, the level of adiponutrin increased depending on the degree of obesity, which, in turn, was confirmed by a reliable direct linear relationship between adiponutrin and body mass index. Conclusions. Based on the data obtained, adiponutrin can be considered as a marker of metabolic syndrome.
The aim: To study the level of Galanin concentration in hypertensive patients with obesity, and to identify how the degree of hypertension and the degree of obesity affect the level of Galanin in patients with this comorbid pathology. Materials and methods: The study included 58 patients with hypertension. Grade 1 was diagnosed in 12 (20.69%), grade 2 – 16 (27.59%), grade 3 – 30 (51.72%) examined patients. Of the patients enrolled to study, 32 were women and 26 were men, 32 to 79 years old (mean age – 57,5±10.11 years). Results: The level of Galanin in all groups of hypertensive patients was significantly increased compared to the control group (p < 0.001). The concentration of the latter in the blood serum gradually increases according to the degree of hypertension, while (p<0.01), and the maximum level of Galanin was observed in group of patients with grade 3 hypertension (Me 164.47 pg/mL). The level of Galanin concentration in all subgroups of patients, depending on the presence and degree of obesity, was significantly increased compared to the control group (p < 0.001), the maximum level of Galanin was in the group with hypertension and obesity of 3 degrees (Me = 166.48 pg/mL). Conclusions: In hypertensive patients with obesity, a significant increase in the concentration of Galanin was detected; most pronounced in arterial hypertension grade 3 and obesity grade 3. Galanin is possibly a biomarker of cardiovascular risk in a cohort of patients with abdominal obesity.
Hypertension is a leading risk factor for coronary heart disease, stroke, peripheral arterial disease, kidney disease, vascular cognitive impairment, and mortality worldwide. Obesity in combination with hypertension continues to attract considerable attention from scientists. Despite the presence of experimental and clinical evidence of mutual burdening of hypertension and obesity, the mechanisms of formation of pathophysiological consequences of such a combination remain insufficiently defined. That is why in recent years an important role is given to the adiponutrin protein. The purpose of the study is to assess the nature of the relationship between adiponutrin levels and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism depending on the duration and degree of hypertension and the degree of obesity in patients with this comorbid pathology. Material and methods. The study included 107 patients with hypertension who were hospitalized in the cardiology department of Municipal noncommercial enterprise "Kharkiv City Clinical Hospital No.27" of Kharkiv municipal council. The age of patients ranged from 32 to 79 years (mean age was 58.6±9.88), who had not previously received regular antihypertensive therapy. The control group consisted of 20 age- and sex-appropriate healthy individuals. The level of adiponutrin was determined in 58 patients with hypertension of the 1st - 3rd degrees, aged from 32 to 79 years (mean age was 57.5±10.11 years), while hypertension of the 1st degree was diagnosed in 12 (20.7%) patients, hypertension of the 2nd degree - in 16 (27.6%), and hypertension of the 3rd degree - in 30 (51.7%) of the examined patients. Blood pressure was measured in patients in a sitting position after 5 minutes of rest, anthropometric measurements were performed, lipid profile and indicators of carbohydrate metabolism were evaluated, adiponutrin levels (pg/mL) were determined by enzyme immunoassay method using The RayBio® Adiponutrin Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) Kit, (USA). Results and discussion. In all groups of patients with hypertension with overweight and obesity, adiponutrin levels were significantly elevated, and lipid and carbohydrate profiles tended to increase. Significant direct correlations were found between adiponutrine and triglycerides, with very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol of a moderate nature, and draws attention with a very high body mass index. In considering the differences in adiponutrin levels depending on gender, it was found that men have higher adiponutrin levels than women. Conclusion. Thus, we have the opportunity to consider adiponutrin as a marker of metabolic disorders
Annotation. Hypertension is a complex disease that affects several organ systems and today remains the leading modified risk factor for cardiovascular disease, which is a major cause of disability and mortality in both men and women. The aim of the study was to assess the peculiarities of hormonal activity of adipose tissue, namely serum levels of galanin and adiponutrin, in hypertension in combination with obesity in men and women. 58 people were examined, including 32 women and 26 men with 1-3 degrees of hypertension and 20 healthy people. Patients were measured blood pressure in a sitting position after 5 minutes of rest, performed anthropometric measurements, evaluated lipid profile, carbohydrate metabolism. To determine the level of adiponutrin and galanin, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used. Statistical computer processing of the results was performed using the software package “Statistica 10” (StatSoft Inc.). Significantly higher serum levels of galanin were found in the main group of women compared with the control group (147.99 vs. 30.58 pkg / ml, p<0.001), and higher values were in the group with hypertension of degree 3 as opposed to 1-2 degrees (166.48 pkg / ml vs. 52.64 pkg / ml, p<0.001). Patients with this comorbid pathology had higher serum levels of adiponutrin in men (6.94 vs. 1.55 pkg / ml, respectively, the main and control groups, p<0,001), but given the degree of obesity, the prevalence was in obese women 2-3 degrees (14.15 vs. 11.33 pkg / ml). Thus, based on the above, we can assume that the degree of hypertension and obesity are provoking factors in increasing these adipokines. In the future, it is advisable to conduct further studies to assess the activity of adipokines, namely galanin and adiponutrin in view of sexual characteristics.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.