A five-year data (1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999) on mastitis among slaughtered cattle, sheep and goats collected from the Federal Livestock Department (FLD), Imo State zonal office, was analysed to determine the prevalence of the condition among such animals in Imo State. Of the 8615 female animals handled at veterinary approved slaughter points during the period, 6230 (72.8%), 497(5.8%) and 1848(21.4%) were cows, ewes and does respectively. Mastitis was recorded among 405 (6.6%) of the cows, 77(15.5%) of the ewes and 352(19.1%) of the does. Across four seasons, mastitis was significantly higher (16.5% and 34.4%) among cattle and goats respectively during late dry (LD) season (p<0.05) while among the sheep, significantly (p<0.05) higher figure (22.0%) was observed during the early rainy (ER) season. Overall monthly prevalence showed lower levels of infection among cattle and goats from April to June and September to December while for sheep, lower infection rates coincided with February to May and November to December periods of the year. Slaughter sheep and goats may reflect higher incidence of mastitis than their counterparts in the field.
-Eighteen crossbred rabbit bucks aged 8-10 months were placed on one of three diets containing leucaena (LLM), gliricidia (GLM) leaf meals both included at 20% of dry matter, or a control diet (CTL). Semen volume for the CTL group was 0.71 ± 0.02 mL, which was higher (P<0.05) than the values for the LLM (0.57 ± 0.02 mL) and GLM (0.58 ± 0.01 mL) groups. The spermatozoa concentration values obtained were (110.3 ± 3.5) × 10 6 per mL, (103.5 ± 4.1) × 10 6 per mL and (94.2 ± 3.4) × 10 6 per mL for the CTL, LLM and GLM groups respectively. Seminiferous tubular diameters were significantly (P<0.05) wider in the control group (234 ± 21.3 µm) than in the other two groups, which were similar (P>0.05). There were indications of mild degenerations in some samples from the leucaena and gliricidia groups. These results indicate that the inclusion of leucaena and gliricidia leaf meals at 20% in rations for mature rabbit bucks could cause mild depressive effects on semen production and quality. rabbit / semen / forage tree legume Résumé -Effet de l'incorporation de feuilles de leucaena ou de gliricidia dans l'alimentation des lapins sur les caractéristiques séminales, le poids des testicules et le diamètre des tubules séminifères. Dix-huit lapins mâles croisés âgés de 8 à 10 mois ont été répartis en trois groupes et ont reçu soit un régime supplémenté avec des feuilles de leucaena (LLM) ou de gliricidia (GLM) broyées, les deux incorporés à un taux de 20 % de matière sèche, soit un régime témoin (CTL). Le volume de sperme du groupe témoin a été de 0,71 ± 0,02 mL, volume plus élevé (P<0,05) que celui du groupe LLM (0,57 ± 0,02 mL) et du groupe GLM (0,58 ± 0,01 mL). La concentration en spermatozoïdes a été, respectivement, de (110,3 ± 3,5) × 10 6 par mL, (103,5 ± 4,1) × 10 6 par mL et (94,2 ± 3,4) × 10 6 par mL pour les groupes CTL, LLM et GLM. Le diamètre des tubules séminifères a été significativement plus élevé pour le groupe témoin (234 ± 21,3 µm) que pour les deux autres groupes, pour lesquels les diamètres ont été similaires (P>0,05). Des signes bénins de dégénérescence ont été observés dans quelques échantillons provenant des groupes LLM et GLM. Ces résultats suggèrent que l'incorporation de feuilles de leucaena ou de gliricidia à 20 % de matière sèche dans l'alimentation de lapins mâles adultes pourrait provoquer des effets délétères bénins sur la production et la qualité du sperme.lapin / sperme / fourrage de légumineuse arbustive
Background: Obesity is currently a global epidemic. Conventional treatments have not been very satisfactory to patients, warranting a search for alternative therapeutic options that are natural, safe and affordable. This study therefore investigated the anti-obesity potentials of aqueous and methanol extracts of Vernonia amygdalina Del (AEVA and MEVA respectively) in a rat model in which obesity was induced using a high-fat diet. Materials and Methods: Forty two Wistar rats were randomised into 7 groups of 6 rats each. One group served as the Normal Control group and obesity was induced in the other 6 groups. One of the 6 groups each served as Positive Control and Negative Control while the 4 test groups were designated AEVA100, AEVA500, MEVA50 and MEVA200, respectively. The study lasted for 12 weeks after which standard protocols were followed for all analyses and determinations. Results: The results show that both AEVA and MEVA at the tested concentrations resulted in significant (P < 0.05) weight loss (without affecting internal organs negatively), and significant (P < 0.05) improvement in some metabolic markers of obesity in the test rats compared to the negative control rats. MEVA 200 had the greatest anti-obesity effect while MEVA 50 was the least effective. All the test extracts compared well with Orlistat used as the positive control drug on all counts. Conclusion: The observed weight-loss benefits of AEVA and MEVA are attributable to the rich milieu of phytochemicals found in Vernonia amygdalina Del. Further studies to unlock the mechanisms through which the observed weight loss is mediated are warranted.
Information on the level to which commercial feeds and feed raw materials are involved in the dissemination o anti-microbial resistant pathogenic and commensal bacteria in Nigeria is necessary for feed and stock management. Forty four Escherichia coli isolates from 4 commercial feed brands coded SF, GF, TF and ACF and from 90 various feed raw materials such, f sh meal (FM), maize (MA), maize offal (MO), wheat offal (WO), spent grain (SG), blood meal (BM) and soybean meal (SM) etc were screened for anti-microbial resistance profile against 10 antibiotics using the d sc d fusion method. Overall, the isolates recorded 80.8 % resistance to cefuroxime, 76.9 % to nalidixic acid, 75 % to ampicillin, and 59 6 % to cotrimoxazole while very low 7 7 % was recorded for tetracycline and 5 8 % for gentamycin, ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol. Across commercial feed brands, isolates from SF were resistant to nitrofurantoin (100 %), nalidixic acid (50 %) and ampicillin (70 %), while those from TF, GF and ACF were resistant to 7 6 and 5 antibiotics respectively. Resistance against ampicillin, nalidixic acid and cefuroxime, in isolates from SG, palm kernel cake (PK), MO and WO were high. Organisms iso ated from SG and PK recorded high resistance against cefuroxime and cotrimoxazole. Isolates from bone/limestone (B/L) reg stered 100 % resistance against ampicillin, cotrimoxazole and cefuroxime, while those from maize MA recorded 100 % resistance to cefuroxime and norfloxacin, and over 70 % to nalidixic acid. Soybean meal isolates values for nitrofurantoin, tetracycline, nalidixic acid and ampicillin were high but below 80 %. Thirty fives resistance patterns were observed; w th the CF-NB-CO-NA-AM pattern being the most predominant (occurring 10 times). The present data shows that commercial feeds and feed raw materials are important vehicles for the introduction of mult-drug resistance encoding E coli into poultry.
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