our groups of male lambs (seven animals/ group) were used to study the effect of natural (garlic powder; Allium sativum) and biological (dry yeast; Saccharomyces cerevisiae) additives and their combination in finishing diets as compared to control diet on feed utilization and animal performance. Animals were 8 months of age and 35.8kg ± 0. 41 as average body weight. Animals were fed a basal diet including concentrate feed mixture (CFM) at level of 70% of total requirement and berseem hay (BH) was offered ad lib. The experimental diets were: 1) a basal diet without additive (control), (C); 2) a basal diet supplemented with 6g dry yeast (2.44x10 11 cfu/g)/head/day, (Y); 3) a basal diet supplemented with 40g garlic powder/head/day, (G), and 4) a basal diet supplemented with 3g dry yeast plus 20g garlic powder/head/day, (YG). The results revealed that all feed additive treatments showed higher (P<0.05) digestibility values of DM, OM, CP, CF and NFE, than non-additive diet (C). The highest (P<0.05) values were observed for animals fed G diet; however, C group showed the lowest (P<0.05) digestibility values. The G diet showed the highest (P<0.05) value of TDN% (73.56%) and C showed the lowest one (69.20%). However, the DCP% was not affected (P<0.05) by additives and its values ranged between 11.81 and 12.27%. Animals fed enriched diets (Y, G and YG) showed higher ADG (180, 184 and 186 g/d, respectively) compared to control group (160g/d). Additives have no significant effect on feed intake either in the form of CFM or the roughage and consequently the total feed intake. All feed additives and their combination significantly (P<0.05) enhanced, with the same extent, the feed efficiency indicators of the enriched diets compared with control one. Yeast/garlic combined addition revealed the highest daily profit percentage relative to control (42%) followed by garlic (34.0%) and then yeast alone (31%) treatments. Energy utilization was significantly different (P<0.05) between the test groups where, the G group showed the highest values, but C group was the lowest values. When the combined additive (YG) was supplemented, N balance exhibited 15.2% increase above the control group. The concentration of blood immunoglobulins (IgA) and IgG differed (P <0.05) among groups being their concentration were enhanced by the respective additives. It could be concluded that using feed additive such as dry yeast (6 gm/h/d) or garlic powder (40 gm/h/d) or their combination (3gm plus 20 gm, respectively) in finishing diets of lamb tended to increase digestibility coefficients for most of nutrients, increasing nutritive value as TDN and appeared to increase the daily gain as well as enhanced the immune status of animals.

No abstract

total number of 42 growing crossbred rabbits of both sexes at 6 weeks of age (with an average body weight 750±50g) were randomly divided into 7 equal groups to evaluate the growth performance as affected by medicinal plant wastes. Rabbits were fed control (AH) diet and 6 experimental diets contained the wastes of moringa (M), cassava (C) and tartofa (T) hay meal at two levels (10 and 15%) for each for a period of 8 weeks. Digestibility of nutrients and nitrogen balance were also evaluated. The results obtained showed that chemical composition of moringa hay meal (M), cassava hay meal (C), tartofa hay meal (T) and alfalfa hay (AH) were; DM 93, 91, 87 and 92% for M, C, T and AH, respectively. The corresponding values of OM were 89, 90.8, 91.25 and 84.42%. The hays of the medicinal plant wastes had less CP than AH being 7.63, 7.7, 6.75 vs. 17.51%. Moringa hay contains more CF (20.75%) than both cassava (10.18%) and tartofa (7.15%); alfalfa hay, however, contains the highest value of CF (24.1%). The proximate analysis of the experimental diets showed iso-caloric and almost iso-nitrogenous values of these diets. No significant differences on average body weight. Total body weight gain was

It was applied in two experiments (Agronomy and fodder evaluation experiment and animal growth experiment) to determine the response of sorghum quality and consequently the animal performance to the application of combined N and P fertilizer in newly reclaimed soil. The first experiment was for evaluating sorghum fodder (Sorghum bicolor L.) that sorted with nine treatment combinations (from T1 up to T9) comprising of three nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizers levels (N 80.4 , N 100.5 and N 120.6 kg/feddan vs. P 20.2 , P 30.2 and P 40.3 kg/feddan) in factorial randomized block design with three replications. The results of the agronomy experiment with considering the ISDMD, NEg and the cost of treatments, showed that two treatments (N 120 P 30 and N 100 P 40 ) could be nominated to the second experiment which was their evaluation as feeds for the growing Barki lambs as compared to control treatment (N 80 P 20 ). So, two treatments and control were sorting again in the next summer season to evaluate their nutritive values by using 15 growing Barki lambs (5 lambs/ treatment) in a completely randomized block design. Lambs were on average 22.83 ± 0.29 kg as the initial body weight and aged 5 months. All animals fed concentrate feed mixture to cover 70% of their growth requirements (Kearl, 1982). However, the experimental fodders were offered ad lib. So the experimental animal groups were allowed for three rations for 85d as follows; R1: CFM + sorghum forage of T1 (N 80 P 20 ) ad lib., (served as a control), R2: CFM + sorghum forage of T6 (N 120 P 30 ) ad lib, and R3: CFM + sorghum forage of T8 (N 100 P 40 ) ad lib. The results indicated that; Average daily gain differed significantly (P= 0.016) being values 158, 185 and 192g for lambs fed R1, R2 and R3, respectively. Animals in R2 and R3 consumed a higher (P=0.042) amount of sorghum compared with the control one. There is a significant effect (P< 0.05) of sorghum treatments on feed conversion ratio (FCR), where sheep fed R1 or R2 had better FCR as g DM/ g gain or g TDN/ g gain than those fed control sorghum ration. However, R1 revealed better FCR as g DCP/g gain as compared with the other groups. The digestibilities of DM, CP and CF were higher (P<0.05) for R2 and R3 compared to the control one. However, digestibilities of EE and NFE were not affected (P>0.05) by the experimental rations. Both R2 and R3 were the better (P<0.05) for both TDN and DCP values as compared with the control ration. Higher (P<0.05) N balance was observed with R2 than control. All lambs retained relatively similar (P>0.05) amounts of calcium. However, higher P content in sorghum of R2 and R3 revealed significantly higher P intake (P<0.05) and also P retained (P<0.05). The revealed insensible water loss (IWL) of the three groups was significantly different being values 144, 172 and 176 g/kg 0.82 for R1, R2 and R3, respectively. The rumen pH value of animal group fed control ration (R1) was significantly (P≤0.001) higher than other groups at all the sampling time. Animals who received R2...

This study sought to investigate the effects of Probiotic, Lactococcus lactis bacteria (LC.) on growth performance, nutrients digestibilities, diarrhea incidence and immune status of buffalo calves. Thirteen suckling buffalo calves were divided into two groups according to their body weight, age and sex (T1-Control (No LC. supplementation, T2-4 g LC. Per calf in breast milk). The Calves were fed 10% of their body weight fresh milk 2 times daily and provided calf starter and clover hay to meet their requirements of DM according to Kearl (1982). Calves body weight was recorded at the start of the experiment and thereafter regularly at 10 days interval. Diarrhea occurrence also faecal scores have been detected. After completion of the feeding trial, three animals per treatment were used in a metabolism trial. We obtained blood samples at the end of the study from each calf through jugular vein puncture. Obtained results showed significant (P< 0.5) increase in roughage, concentrate and total DM intakes with calves fed LC-supplemented than the control (T1) group during the periods of P3, P4 and P5. Supplementation of LC. L to calves in T2 group had showed an increase in body weight than T1-group; the increase in total gain and average daily gain (ADG) was significant (P<0.05), CP, CF, EE and NFE digestion coefficients keep on the same trend.Diarrhea occurred on T1 calves were more than T2 calves, and the duration of diarrhea at the same time was longer in control calves than treated calves. The number of E.coli in feces was more in control calves than treated calves. Immunological parameters (IgA, IgG and interleukin 2) have been increased in treated calves than control with no significant difference (P>0.05).