Accumulated secretion above the endotracheal tube cuff can be aspirated during extubation after deflation. The possible techniques for minimizing pulmonary aspiration from subglottic secretion during extubation have not been well explored. This study aimed to determine the effect of different extubation techniques on secretion leakage. An endotracheal tube was placed in a tube mimicking an airway. We measured the leak volume of water or artificial sputum of different viscosities with three extubation techniques—negative pressure with suctioning; positive pressure with a resuscitator; and continuous positive airway pressure set at 5, 10, and 20 cm H2O. Extubation with continuous positive airway pressure resulted in lower secretion leakage than that with negative pressure with suctioning and positive pressure with a resuscitator. Increasing the continuous positive airway pressure level decreased secretion leakage volume during extubation. We further determined a correlation of leak volume with sputum viscosity. Continuous positive airway pressure at 5 cm H2O produced lower volume secretion leakage than the other two techniques, even with higher secretion viscosity. Based on these results, using continuous positive airway pressure with a previous ventilator continuous positive airway pressure/positive end-expiratory pressure setting for extubation is recommended.
Results Preliminary results indicate that associations between individual-level estimates of psychosocial work factors with depressive symptoms were largely linear and statistically significant. The associations of JEM estimates of psychosocial job factors with depressive symptoms showed varied patterns of non-linearity and were generally not statistically significant, after adjustment for individual-level measures. Discussion Our study indicates that individual estimates of psychosocial work factors are consistently, strongly and linearly associated with depressive symptoms, whereas JEM estimates showed varied and non-linear patterns. JEM psychosocial work estimates may capture different phenomena than individual-level estimates. Objectives Musculoskeletal diseases (MSD) affect almost 30% of the global construction sector workforce. Recent studies have shown high risks in bricklayers, plasterers and carpenters. The main causes of MSD in construction workers are heavy lifting, repetitive movements and poor ergonomic working postures. However, there are no studies in Turkey assessing work-related MSD prevalence in the construction sector and related disability in work and daily life. Poster Presentation MusculoskeletalThe aim of this study is to examine the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in manual handling construction workers active in the construction of new buildings for a city hospital in Ankara. The study includes assessing the workrelatedness of MSD. Subsequently the effect of MSD on disability is analysed. Methods We plan a cross-sectional study using a questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics, risk factors at work and employment conditions, work history, health status, the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and disability as a consequence of work-related MSD, using a face-to-face interview method. The interviews will be performed by trained occupational health and safety specialists from the Public Health Institution of Turkey (PHIT).The study proposal has been approved by the PHIT and the construction company. Workers will be asked for informed consent. Results We planned that 1.200 people will be included in the study. The prevalence of work-related MSD and disability will be determined, stratified for occupational groups and sociodemographic variables. Conclusion The main outcome is prevalence of work-related MSDs in construction workers studied and related disability in work and daily life. Interventions will be recommended for prevention. Yue-Leon Guo. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is now recognised as a surrogate marker of eosinophilic airway inflammation and is affected by several factors, air pollution is an environmental determinant of it. Previous studies provide evidence that children are sensitive to the effects of air pollution. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to determine the effects of ambient air pollution on exhaled NO levels among school children. Poster Presentation RespiratoryFrom March 2016 to March 2017, a nationwide cross-sectional study wa...
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