Most of the key technical objectives for this budget period were achieved. Only partial success was achieved relative to cycle testing under pressure Major improvements in material performance and element reliability have been achieved. A breakthrough material system has driven the development of a compact planar reactor design capable of producing either hydrogen or syngas. The planar reactor shows significant advantages in thermal efficiency and costs compared to either steam methane reforming with C02 recovery or autothermal reforming. .The fuel and engine testing program is complete The single cylinder test engine evaluation of UCTF fuels begun in Budget Period 2 was finished this budget period. In addition, a study to evaluate new fuel formulations for an HCCl engine was completed. Tables Table No Title 1 To this end, forty nine new membrane materials were fabricated and characterized in Budget Period 3. One system has met our flux, life and cycle goals, LCM61/MM2. Other materials show great promise for improving performance and durability under more severe conditions. Task 2, Composite Element Development Numerous disk and tubular elements were fabricated for flux and life/durability testing. A new fabrication technique for making thin OTM films has been developed. This new method has resulted in significant improvements in flux. Work continues to optimize this fabrication process. 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS List ofThe LCM61/MM2 system successfully completed two life/cycle durability tests. This achievement satisfies one of the key goals of this budget period.A larger scale planar test element (4 in by 4 in.) has been fabricated. This process will be adapted to fabricate planar channels and sub-sections in the next budget period. Task 4. Reactor Design and Process OptimizationEvaluations of the OTM technology for hydrogen applications were completed. The results show significant thermal efficiency and cost advantages, especially if greenhouse gas control is required. A compact planar reactor design has been developed through computer modeling of the chemical and physical processes (chemical reactions, heat and mass transfer). Interestingly, the limiting design parameter in most cases is heat transport, not oxygen flux. A low pressure syngas application has been identified with early commercialization potential. 6A benchmarking study to determine target OTM equipment costs for a 25,000 BPD FTGL plant was completed. The benchmark syngas technology is autothermal reforming with cryogenic oxygen. The study evaluated cost tradeoffs for both a low and high pressure OTM syngas reactor design. The study showed that the OTM -2 reactor design can achieve cost reductions of 28 to 44% relative to the benchmark technology at full FTGTL pressure. Task 8, Fuels and Enqine TestinqThe SCTE diesel test work with syngas derived ultra-clean fuels was completed. Fischer Tropsch diesel combined with a proprietary BP syngas derived oxygenate showed substantial reduction in all air emissions targets (NOx, soot, carbon monoxide) ov...
This final report summarizes work accomplished in the Program from January 1, 2001 through December 31, 2004 Most of the key technical objectives for this program were achieved. A breakthrough material system has lead to the development of an OTM (oxygen transport membrane) compact planar reactor design capable of producing either syngas or hydrogen. The planar reactor shows significant advantages in thermal efficiency and a step change reduction in costs compared to either autothermal reforming or steam methane reforming with CO 2 recovery.Syngas derived ulltra-clean transportation fuels were tested in the Nuvera fuel cell modular pressurized reactor and in International Truck and Engine single cylinder test engines. The studies compared emission and engine performance of conventional base fuels to various formulations of ultra-clean gasoline or diesel fuels. A proprietary BP oxygenate showed significant advantage in both applications for reducing emissions with minimal impact on performance. In addition, a study to evaluate new fuel formulations for an HCCI engine was completed. List of Tables Page Executive SummaryContinued concerns about environmental quality are driving the need for development of ultra-clean transportation fuels (UCTF) and low emission vehicle propulsion systems. Natural gas is an attractive feed for the production of UCTF because it can be converted into an array of sulphur free fuels including synthetic gasoline, synthetic diesel, methanol, and other oxygenates. These fuels, when used neat or blended with conventional petroleum products have the potential to dramatically reduce emissions while providing an alternative (non-petroleum) energy source.The processes for producing UCTF all utilize a common first step whereby natural gas is converted to syngas, a mixture of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and water. The syngas can be converted to synthetic gasoline and diesel via the Fischer Tropsch process or to methanol or other oxygenates by proprietary technologies. In all cases, over 50% of the capital cost and a significant fraction of the operating costs are associated with syngas production.This program had two primary objectives: 1) develop an advanced, syngas technology based on ceramic oxygen transport membranes that will provide a step change reduction in the conversion costs of natural gas to syngas and 2) evaluation of syngas derived ultra-clean fuels in fuel cells; and the development of advanced compression ignition engines/after treatment /ultra-clean fuel systems. The first objective was expanded in Budget Period 3 to include OTM based hydrogen production, which is another type of UCTF. The second objective was modified in Budget Period 2 to include preliminary development work on a HCCI (homogenous charged compression ignition) engine. Some envisage the HCCI as the next generation internal combustion engine to replace conventional diesel engines.The OTM Alliance team assembled to address these issues includes fuel producers, an industrial gas supplier a...
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.