Epistemicide refers to knowledge destruction and is perpetuated through epistemic injustices, which are the ways we harm knowers in the process of their epistemological development. Within acts of commemoration, epistemic injustices can influence the prioritization and politicization of memory, thus shaping our shared understandings of cultural heritage. This paper situates epistemicide within discussions of cultural heritage and collective memory by drawing from existing literature on archival silences. This framing allows us to articulate and define commemorative injustices– memorial injustice, performative injustice, and documentary injustice– expanding the previously established epistemicide framework. Naming commemorative injustices promotes the development of a meta‐language to connect related concepts of knowledge destruction, silencing, and absence across disciplines in cultural information studies. While commemorative injustices are not necessarily committed out of individual mal intent, this paper notes that they are byproducts of culturally constructed historical precedents and social norms. Beyond a theoretical expansion, we explore the designation of evidence of cultural heritage as manifestations of information, name enforced archival silences as instances of commemorative injustice, identify how multiple epistemic injustices may act concurrently to inflict harm, and provide critical theory to inform interventions by drawing on examples of epistemic injustice inflicted by U.S. cultural heritage institutions.
Background: Femoroacetabular Impingement (FAI) is a common cause of hip pain in adolescent patients. Clinical exam and radiographic markers, such as α angle and lateral center edge angle (LCEA), are commonly used to aid in the diagnosis of this condition. The purpose of this study was to correlate preoperative α angle and LCEA with preoperative symptoms, intraoperative findings, and preoperative and postoperative patient reported outcomes (PROs) in the adolescent patient. Methods: A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data was conducted for all patients who underwent operative intervention for FAI at an academic institution over an 11-year period. Preoperative imaging was obtained and measured for LCEA and α angle. PROs (modified Harris Hip Score, Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, and UCLA score) were collected preoperatively, as well as 1, 2, and 5 years postoperatively. Operative intervention was either open surgical hip dislocation or arthroscopic, and intraoperative disease was graded using the Beck Classification system. Patients with minimum 1-year follow-up were included in statistical analysis. Results: There were 86 hips (64 female hips) included with an average age of 16.3 years (range, 10.4 to 20.5 y), with an average of 37 months of follow-up. There was no correlation between severity of preoperative symptoms or difference between pre and postoperative PROs for both α angle and LCEA. Overall, significant improvement was noted in modified Harris Hip Score, Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, and UCLA Score ( P <0.001 for each). Independent of preoperative symptoms, increased α angle correlated with more severe intraoperative labral disease ( P <0.001), and longer length of labral tear (Corr 0.295, P <0.01). Femoral head and acetabular articular cartilage damage did not correlate with α angle or LCEA, nor did overall severity of disease. Conclusions: In adolescent patients with FAI, increased α angle was found to significantly correlate with labral pathology, including increased length of tear and severity of disease, irrespective of preoperative symptoms or postoperative patient reported outcomes. Level of Evidence: Level III—retrospective.
Summary: Commonly used surgical approaches to the elbow typically limit the surgeon to either medial or lateral exposure, can provide visualization limited by an intact radial head, and may not be extensile. We describe the use of a well recognized, but uncommonly used, extensile approach to the medial and lateral compartments of the elbow joint. This approach provides access to address pathology of the proximal radius, ulna, and the distal humerus and can be made extensile both proximally and distally. The anconeus approach is easy to perform and well tolerated by patients. A retrospective review of 42 patients is included.
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