BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:The relationship between enlarged subarachnoid spaces and subdural collections is poorly understood and creates challenges for clinicians investigating the etiology of subdural collections. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of subdural collections on cross sectional imaging in children with macrocephaly correlating with subarachnoid space enlargement.
Treatment options for patients who develop brain metastases secondary to non-small-cell lung cancer have rapidly expanded in recent years. As a key adjunct to surgical and radiation therapy options, systemic therapies are now a critical component of the oncologic management of metastatic CNS disease in many patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. The aim of this review article was to provide a guide for radiologists, outlining the role of systemic therapies in metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer, with a focus on tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The critical role of the blood-brain barrier in the development of systemic therapies will be described. The final sections of this review will provide an overview of current imaging-based guidelines for therapy response. The utility of the Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology criteria will be discussed, with a focus on how to use the response criteria in the assessment of patients treated with systemic and traditional therapies. ABBREVIATIONS: ALK ¼ anaplastic lymphoma kinase; CTLA-4 ¼ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4; EGFR ¼ epidermal growth factor receptor; EML4 ¼ echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4; ICI ¼ immune checkpoint inhibitor; NSCLC ¼ non-small-cell lung cancer; PD-1 ¼ programmed cell death protein 1; PFS ¼ progression-free survival; PRES ¼ posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome; QALY ¼ quality-adjusted life years; RANO ¼ Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology; RECIST ¼ Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors; ROS1 ¼ C-ras oncogene 1; SRS ¼ stereotactic radiosurgery; TKI ¼ tyrosine kinase inhibitor; WBRT ¼ whole-brain radiation therapyIndicates open access to non-subscribers at www.ajnr.org
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