BACKGROUND Cranial nerve non-invasive neuromodulation (CN-NINM) via translingual nerve stimulation (TLNS) is a promising new intervention combined with neurological rehabilitation to improve outcomes for persons with neurological conditions. A portable neuromodulation stimulation (PoNSTM) device rests on the tongue stimulating cranial nerves V and VII (trigeminal and facial nerves). Emerging evidence suggests that CN-NINM using the PoNSTM device combined with targeted physical therapy (PT) improves balance and gait outcomes but has not yet been comprehensively reviewed. OBJECTIVE This review will describe cranial nerve non-invasive neuromodulation (CN-NINM) via translingual nerve stimulation (TLNS), its use, effects and implications for rehabilitation science in adult neurological populations. We will identify how CN-NINM via TLNS is currently being incorporated into neurological rehabilitation and identify gaps in the evidence with respect to this novel technology. METHODS Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology will be used to conduct this scoping review. Electronic databases MEDLINE, AMED, CINAHL, EMBASE and Web of Science will be searched as well as grey literature databases ProQuest, DuckDuckGo and Google. Studies published in English and French between 2000-present will be included. Two reviewers will independently screen all titles and abstracts and full-text studies that meet inclusion criteria. Data will be extracted and collated in a table to synthesize results. Extracted data will be reported in a comprehensive summary. RESULTS The final manuscript is planned for submission to an indexed journal in September 2021. CONCLUSIONS This scoping review will be the first review to address the current evidence base on CN-NINM. The results will inform the use of CN-NINM in neurological rehabilitation and the development of recommendations for future research. CLINICALTRIAL Open Science Framework (DOI): 10.17605/OSF.IO/XZQFM
Background Cranial nerve noninvasive neuromodulation (CN-NINM) via translingual nerve stimulation (TLNS) is a promising new intervention combined with neurological rehabilitation to improve outcomes for persons with neurological conditions. A portable neuromodulation stimulation (PoNS) device rests on the tongue and stimulates cranial nerves V and VII (trigeminal and facial nerves, respectively). Emerging evidence suggests that CN-NINM using the PoNS device, combined with targeted physical therapy, improves balance and gait outcomes but has not yet been comprehensively reviewed. Objective This review will describe CN-NINM via TLNS and its applications, effects, and implications for rehabilitation science in adult populations with neurological conditions. We will identify how CN-NINM via TLNS is currently being incorporated into neurological rehabilitation and identify gaps in evidence with respect to this novel technology. Methods Joanna Briggs Institute methodology will be used to conduct this scoping review. Electronic databases MEDLINE, AMED, CINAHL, Embase, and Web of Science will be searched, as well as gray literature databases ProQuest, DuckDuckGo, and Google. Studies published in English and French between 2000 and 2021 will be included. Two reviewers will independently screen all titles and abstracts and full-text papers that meet the inclusion criteria. Data will be extracted and collated in a table to synthesize the results. Extracted data will be reported in a comprehensive summary. Results The final manuscript is intended for submission to an indexed journal in September 2021. Conclusions This scoping review will be the first, to our knowledge, to address the current evidence on CN-NINM. The results will inform the use of CN-NINM in neurological rehabilitation and the development of recommendations for future research. Trial Registration Open Science Framework 10.17605/OSF.IO/XZQFM; https://osf.io/xzqfm International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/29965
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