Virtual overdose monitoring services use digital technologies, such as smartphone applications or phone lines, to provide a variety of supports focused on harm reduction, such as overdose monitoring, harm reduction education, and referrals to health and social services.• They can facilitate timely and anonymous access to emergency care for people who use substances.• During the first 14 months of operations, the National Overdose Response System monitored 2172 substance use events; 53 adverse events required emergency response and no fatalities were reported.• Based on emerging evidence, physicians may consider suggesting virtual overdose monitoring services as an additional option for harm reduction for people who are actively using substances and may require timely emergency support.• Further high-quality studies of promising virtual monitoring interventions that may improve outcomes for people who use substances are needed.
Patients with first-time dislocations had lower postoperative instability rates and reoperation rates when compared with patients with recurrent dislocations before surgery. Young patients with shoulder instability should be offered early surgical intervention to lower the risk of postoperative instability and reoperation.
Based on the authors' study, pronator syndrome is an incorrect term applied to compression of the median nerve at the sublime bridge. This potential site of median nerve compression is distinct and has characteristics that can clinically differentiate it from compression of the median nerve between the heads of the pronator teres. The authors hope that these data will be of use to the surgeon in the evaluation and treatment of patients with proximal median nerve entrapment.
Accurate placement of the femoral tunnel is critical for long-term clinical success following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the accuracy of femoral tunnel placement when referencing osseous landmarks during ACL reconstruction. We hypothesize that referencing osseous landmarks during ACL reconstruction consistently results in anatomic placement of the ACL femoral tunnel. This study was a retrospective case series. We reviewed 83 consecutive ACL reconstructions performed by a single surgeon. The lateral intercondylar ridge and lateral bifurcate ridge were referenced intraoperatively for anatomic placement of the ACL femoral tunnel during single-bundle reconstruction. Using these landmarks, the femoral tunnel was placed in the center of the anteromedial bundle footprint on the lateral wall of the intercondylar notch. We reviewed all operative notes and intraoperative arthroscopic images to assess tunnel placement. Postoperative anteroposterior and lateral radiographs were obtained in all patients. Anatomic placement was confirmed by review of lateral radiographs utilizing both the quadrant method (QM) and Blumensaat-ridge ratio (BRR). We used a total of 80 patients for our study. Review of arthroscopic images confirmed anatomic placement of the ACL femoral tunnel in all patients. All patients demonstrated that the femoral tunnel was placed anatomically according to the BRR method. Using the QM, all femoral tunnels were placed anatomically except for one tunnel that was placed slightly anteriorly. There was excellent agreement between the two radiographic measurement techniques. The principal finding of this study indicates that the lateral intercondylar ridge and the lateral bifurcate ridge are reliable landmarks for anatomic placement of the ACL femoral tunnel. Referencing osseous landmarks during surgery can help surgeons avoid nonanatomic placement of the ACL femoral tunnel, especially in cases where the soft-tissue footprint is no longer present. Furthermore, both the radiographic QM and the BRR are valid techniques to assess for anatomic ACL femoral tunnel placement both intraoperatively and postoperatively.
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