Background Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO 2 ) have been shown to be a novel therapeutic in many biomedical applications. Gold (Au) nanoparticles have also attracted widespread interest due to their chemical stability and unique optical properties. Thus, decorating Au on CeO 2 nanoparticles would have potential for exploitation in the biomedical field. Methods In the present work, CeO 2 nanoparticles synthesized by a chemical combustion method were supported with 3.5% Au (Au/CeO 2 ) by a deposition-precipitation method. The as-synthesized Au, CeO 2 , and Au/CeO 2 nanoparticles were evaluated for antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 normal cells and A549 lung cancer cells. Results The as-synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and ultraviolet-visible measurements. The X-ray diffraction study confirmed the formation of cubic fluorite-structured CeO 2 nanoparticles with a size of 10 nm. All synthesized nanoparticles were nontoxic towards RAW 264.7 cells at doses of 0–1,000 μM except for Au at >100 μM. For A549 cancer cells, Au/CeO 2 had the highest inhibitory effect, followed by both Au and CeO 2 which showed a similar effect at 500 and 1,000 μM. Initial binding of nanoparticles occurred through localized positively charged sites in A549 cells as shown by a shift in zeta potential from positive to negative after 24 hours of incubation. A dose-dependent elevation in reactive oxygen species indicated that the pro-oxidant activity of the nanoparticles was responsible for their cytotoxicity towards A549 cells. In addition, cellular uptake seen on transmission electron microscopic images indicated predominant localization of nanoparticles in the cytoplasmic matrix and mitochondrial damage due to oxidative stress. With regard to antibacterial activity, both types of nanoparticles had the strongest inhibitory effect on Bacillus subtilis in monoculture systems, followed by Salmonella enteritidis , Escherichia coli , and Staphylococcus aureus , while, in coculture tests with Lactobacillus plantarum , S. aureus was inhibited to a greater extent than the other bacteria. Conclusion Gold-supported CeO 2 nanoparticles may be a potential nanomaterial for in vivo application owing to their biocompatible and antibacterial properties.
Nylon 6 (PA6) reinforced Flax Linum composites were synthesized by melt mix extrusion and molded through Mucell\ ® injection technique for adsorption application for removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) metal ions. The structural morphologies of all samples were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmittance emission microscopy (TEM) and Scanning emission microscopy (SEM), indicating crystallized materials with pore-like cells and Thermographic analysis (TGA) illustrated the thermally stable., Microscopic PA6 revealed the effects of Flax content on both cell density and cell size of the foamed samples. The cell size of neat PA6 (48 μm) changed to 36, 17, and 15 μm after incorporation of Flax compositions for 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 wt%.The removal of Cd(II)and Pb(II) with PA6/Flax 1.0 wt% composite was found to follow the Langmuir isotherm model. The results indicated that PA6 1.0 wt% composite can be efficiently used as a superabsorbent for the removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solution.
Nylon 6 (PA6) reinforced Flax Linum composites were synthesized by melt mix extrusion and molded through Mucell\ ® injection technique for adsorption application for removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) metal ions. The structural morphologies of all samples were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmittance emission microscopy (TEM) and Scanning emission microscopy (SEM), indicating crystallized materials with pore-like cells and Thermographic analysis (TGA) illustrated the thermally stable., Microscopic PA6 revealed the effects of Flax content on both cell density and cell size of the foamed samples. The cell size of neat PA6 (48 μm) changed to 36, 17, and 15 μm after incorporation of Flax compositions for 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0 wt%. The removal of Cd(II)and Pb(II) with PA6/Flax 1.0 wt% composite was found to follow the Langmuir isotherm model. The results indicated that PA6 1.0 wt% composite can be efficiently used as a superabsorbent for the removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solution.
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