BackgroundIn recent years, early childhood education (ECE) has faced many reforms that have led to new requirements for pedagogy. Due to this evolution, there is, in turn, an increasing need to enhance the professional competence of ECE teachers through further training. PurposeThis article examines ECE teachers' interpretations of the changes in their pedagogical thinking during a further training course for ECE teachers in Finland. The aim of this qualitative research was to investigate the professional development that can be related to the further training.The context of the study was an 18-month long ECE teachers' further training course called 'Pedagogy of Early Childhood Education during Changing Practices'. SampleThe study involved 32 ECE teachers participating in the further training course. The data consisted of the written responses of the further training participants in respect of their interpretation of pedagogy. Design and methodsThe research was carried out using a participatory action approach. The written data were collected from the teacher participants. Thematic analysis was firstly conducted inductively from the data. In the second phase, content analysis was applied using abductive reasoning. The theory-based content analysis was conducted using pedagogical leadership aspects of the theory of human capital. ResultsThe features of professional development that were identified were explored through the lens of pedagogical leadership and grouped into four: dimensions: increased knowledge, awareness of the quality of previously implemented pedagogy, developmental skills, and ability to make the case for ECE pedagogy. ConclusionsThe research identified connections and relationships between the further training and professional development in pedagogical leadership. The significance of and demand for a participatory action research approach to further training for ECE teachers are discussed.
This study examines the experiences of early childhood teachers in their everyday pedagogical work. The data for this qualitative study consists of the diaries of early childhood teachers. Layder's (1993) research map has been used to structure the theoretical background and provide an analytical frame to categorise the data. The results show that early childhood teachers' work is complex and demanding, but they did encounter successes in their work. Certain common themes were identified on the levels of Layder's research map. These themes, which were experienced both as successes and challenges, included laws and steering documents, values and attitudes, pedagogical principles and solutions, leadership, collaborative structures, interaction, professional self-conception and skills. The challenges in the teachers' work were caused by differing professional values, a lack of discussion, and inoperative organisational structures and practices, among others.
The concept of pedagogy is the key to understanding pedagogy in early childhood education (ECE) in the Nordic countries, which are known for their high quality of life and education. However, in ECE, there are several different approaches toward pedagogy and it can be said that pedagogy is a multidimensional and dynamic concept. In this paper, the different approaches to pedagogy are defined and reconceptualized through an integrative literature analysis focusing on scientific papers and research reports of the concept. Five approaches to pedagogy were constructed: pedagogy through interaction, pedagogy through scaffolding, pedagogy through didactics, pedagogy through expertise, and pedagogy through future orientation. The identified tensions and elements within the five approaches are presented. Finally, the shared elements among these pedagogical approaches are presented in a dynamic model.
Varhaiskasvatusta on viime vuosina kehitetty voimakkaasti ja sen laatu on noussut tarkastelun keskiöön. Laatuun on pyritty vaikuttamaan laajoilla uudistuksilla varhaiskasvatuksen lainsäädännössä. Uudistukset kohdistuvat erityisesti varhaiskasvatuksen sisältöihin sekä henkilöstörakenteen muutokseen. Haasteina varhaiskasvatuksessa on opettajapula ja työn kuormittavuus. Opettajien kokeman työn kuormittavuuden taustalla on alan heikko arvostus sekä palkkaukseen, työhyvinvointiin ja -olosuhteisiin liittyvät ongelmat. Tutkimuksessa selvitetään, millaisia haasteita opettajat kohtaavat varhaiskasvatustyössä ja millaisia kehittämisehdotuksia opettajat työlleen esittävät. Tutkimus toteutettiin kyselytutkimuksena ja kohdennettiin ammatinvaihtopäätöksen tehneille ja sitä harkitseville opettajille. Kyselyyn vastasi 469 varhaiskasvatuksen opettajan tehtävissä työskentelevää tai työskennellyttä opettajaa. Aineisto analysoitiin monimenetelmällisesti. Faktorianalyysillä aineistosta tiivistettiin keskeisimpiä työn haasteita, kuten arvostuksen puute ja työn mielekkyyden väheneminen. Kehittämisen mahdollisuuksia tarkasteltiin sekä yhteiskunnallisten että yksikkökohtaisten tekijöiden kautta. Tutkimustulosten mukaan varhaiskasvatuksen opettajat kokivat hallitsevansa työn uudet vaatimukset, mutta yksikkökohtaisten työskentelyolosuhteiden koettiin tekevän työn toteuttamisesta haastavaa. Yhteiskunnallisesti katsoen palkkauksen parantaminen nousi kriittisimmäksi työn kehittämiskohteeksi.
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