Infertility is one of the most common male reproductive health problems. Male infertility is the inability of a male to result pregnancy in a fertile female in one year of non-contracepting sexual intercourse. Male with poor sperm quality are more susceptible to infertility. One of the cause of infertility in men is disruption of spermatozoa motility. Imperfect motility will reduce the quality of spermatozoa and the probability of conception. One cause of decreased motility is inflammation of the male reproductive tract. Inflammation that occurs will increase the recruitment of leukocytes in the reproductive tract and increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) so it can interfere the process of sperm formation and maturation. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between leukocyte counts and spermatozoa motility. The number of leukocytes and the percentage of spermatozoa motility were obtained from semen analysis as secondary data. The research design used was cross-sectional. The number of samples in this study were 66 respondents who met the inclusion criteria.The results of the study showed a significant inverse relationship (negative correlation) (p = 0.007, r = -0.328) between the number of leukocytes and spermatozoa motility, which means if the number of semen leukocytes increases, the percentage of spermatozoa motility will decrease. Keywords: inflammation; leukocyte counts; spermatozoa motility ABSTRAKInfertilitas merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan reproduksi pria yang sering dijumpai. Infertilitas pada pria adalah ketidakmampuan seorang pria untuk menyebabkan kehamilan pada seorang wanita fertil setelah satu tahun hubungan seksual tanpa alat kontrasepsi. Pria dengan kualitas sperma yang kurang baik lebih rentan mengalami infertilitas. Salah satu penyebab infertilitas pada pria adalah gangguan pada motilitas spermatozoa. Motilitas yang kurang sempurna akan menyebabkan penurunan kualitas spermatozoa dan penurunan probabilitas terjadinya pembuahan. Salah satu penyebab penurunan motilitas adalah inflamasi pada saluran reproduksi pria. Inflamasi yang terjadi akan meningkatkan rekruitmen leukosit pada saluran reproduksi pria dan meningkatkan produksi reactive oxygen species (ROS) yang bersifat toksik bagi spermatozoa sehingga dapat mengganggu proses pembentukan dan pematangan spermatozoa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara jumlah leukosit dengan motilitas spermatozoa. Jumlah leukosit dan persentase motilitas spermatozoa didapatkan dari data sekunder, yaitu data hasil analisis semen. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah potong lintang (cross-sectional). Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 81 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan terbalik (korelasi negatif) yang bermakna dengan kekuatan korelasi sangat lemah (p = 0.007, r = -0.328) antara jumlah leukosit dengan motilitas spermatozoa, yang berarti jika jumlah leukosit semen semakin meningkat, maka persentase motilitas spermatozoa akan semakin rendah.
Stroke is the death of brain cells due to lack of blood flow and oxygen to the brain by blockage or rupture of an artery. Stress hyperglycemia in acute stroke may worsen the clinical outcome and the prognosis of stroke. The purpose of this study is to find out and compare blood glucose profile between ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke. This is an observational analytic cross-sectional research using consecutive sampling. Data was obtained through medical record from January to December 2018 in RSUP Fatmawati with each group of stroke consisting of 74 samples. Data was processed using SPSS 2017. Mann-Whitney test shows a significant difference in random blood glucose levels between ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke (p = 0.024), with the median value of random blood glucose level during ischemic stroke is 115.50 mg / dL and hemorrhagic stroke is 136.50 mg / dL. The results also shows a significant difference in fasting blood glucose levels between ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke (p = 0.042), with the median value of fasting blood glucose level for ischemic stroke is 116.50 mg / dL and hemorrhagic stroke is 125.50 mg / dL. A significant difference is also seen in 2 hours post-prandial glucose level between ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke (p = 0.028), with the median value of 2 hours post-prandial glucose level of ischemic stroke is 130 mg / dL and hemorrhagic stroke is 147.50 mg / dL. Keywords: Ischemic Stroke; Hemorrhagic Stroke; Random Blood Glucose; Fasting Blood Glucose; 2 Hour Post-Prandial Blood Glucose AbstrakStroke adalah kematian sel-sel otak akibat hilangnya pasokan darah dan oksigen ke otak karena adanya hambatan atau ruptur arteri yang menuju otak. Pada stroke fase akut dapat terjadi hiperglikemia reaktif yang dapat memperburuk keluaran klinis dan prognosis stroke. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui dan membandingkan profil glukosa darah antara stroke iskemik dan stroke hemoragik. Penelitian ini bersifat analitik observasional dengan desain potong lintang dan pemilihan sampel consecutive sampling. Data didapat dari rekam medis periode Januari-Desember 2018 di RSUP Fatmawati dengan masing-masing kelompok stroke sebanyak 74 sampel. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan program SPSS tahun 2017. Uji Mann-Whitney menunjukkan adanya perbedaan bermakna kadar Glukosa Darah Sewaktu antara stroke iskemik dengan stroke hemoragik (p = 0,024), dengan nilai median Glukosa Darah Sewaktu stroke iskemik adalah 115,50 mg/dL dan stroke hemoragik adalah 136,50 mg/dL. Hasil juga menunjukkan adanya perbedaan bermakna kadar Glukosa Darah Puasa antara stroke iskemik dan stroke hemoragik (p = 0,042), dengan nilai median Glukosa Darah Puasa stroke iskemik adalah 116,50 mg/dL dan stroke hemoragik adalah 125,50 mg/dL, serta adanya perbedaan bermakna kadar Glukosa Darah 2 Jam Post-Prandial antara stroke iskemik dan stroke hemoragik (p = 0,028), dengan nilai median Glukosa Darah 2 Jam Post-Prandial stroke iskemik adalah 130 mg/dL dan stroke hemoragik adalah 147,50 mg/dL.
Background: Stroke causes severe disability and mortality. Despite the fact that the pathology of acute stroke is well understood, publication on chronic stroke is still limited. Because scarring of glia limits the recovery area of acute stroke and reorganization capacity is reduced, discovering new treatments for chronic stroke poses substantial obstacles. In stroke research, rodent models are commonly utilized, and behavior testing is a crucial tool. To measure stroke outcomes and translating rodent findings to therapeutic trials, selecting relevant behavioral tests that fit the study purpose is critical. Here, we aimed to look at the last decade’s publications highlighting behaviour tests on chronic stroke rats. Hopefully, we were able to give more information about the behaviour tests to facilitate the researchers’ choice of appropriate test. Methods: By using a bibliometric analysis, we hope to systematically discuss rodent behavior tests in chronic stroke research. Documents were extracted from the Scopus database in April 2022. Excel and VOSviewer 1.6.18 were used to conduct statistical and graphical analysis. Results: Research on "behavioral test in chronic stroke rats" has progressed quickly, although the researchers have yet to collaborate with each other. H. Millani was an active researcher and author who connected numerous researchers, according to documents and citation analysis. “Animals”, “brain ischemia”, “man”, “publication”, and “animal experiment” were all common keywords. The majority of the articles were from the United States and China. The Morris Water Maze test and the cylinder test were the most commonly used behavior tests. Conclusions Clinical applications and therapeutic effectiveness against stroke could be improved with more collaboration amongst authors. When using a behavior test, researchers need to think about which neurological deficiency is being addressed and whether the test covers long-term evaluation.
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