The structure of agricultural policy in Indonesia is still reaping with many problems which include the conversion of agricultural land to non-agricultural land, the low level of the farmers' welfare, as well as the land reform policy. To unravel the causes of these problems, this research intends to first, discuss the politics of agricultural law in Indonesia from the Old Order era to the Reformation, and second, to offer ideas for improving the development of agricultural law politics in order to face the global challenges. This study uses a normative legal research method by reviewing the statutory approach and historical approach. The research concluded that, first, during the Old Order the political direction of the agricultural sector was emphasized on the i1nventory of agricultural and plantation land. During the New Order era, the political direction of the agricultural sector was divided into two, namely, the direction of food sovereignty and semi-industrial agriculture. During the reform period, the dominance of the influence of foreign capitalism in the legislation. Second, the ideas offered to face the global challenges are by building a legal policy for agriculture based on economic democracy as initiated by Bung Hatta.
Tourism was programmed to increase national income by improving an effective and valuable tourist object. Nowadays, tourism was being organized by both national and local government through incorporation with the third party. Tourism is a wide part of tourist object, tourist, tourism policy, and supporting tourism facilities that all of them should be integrated to build of that effective and valuable Indonesian tourism. Tourism development area should be stipulated on government regulation in their regional urban land use planning. That could be the government guidelines to setting and mapping the tourism policy based on the land use planning. But, tourism development area in Semarang Regency was contradicted to the urban land use planning regulation where happened of a rejection of tourist resort's location permit submission because of unclear and un-related regulation substance. That resort was classified as cultural heritage-based resort according to national Indonesian cultural protection regulation hence it was concluded as tourism supporting facility. The result of the research was public permit issuance at Semarang government had bad public service because of carpe diem problem. The resort had been accused to establish above Semarang urban green space and destructing river bank next to the resort land. According to Semarang Regional Government the resort break the rule of urban land use planning for agriculture land. Besides, there is indication of corrupt mentality among the government apparatus to let the permit by asking any beneficial feedbacks. The way to reform Semarang government was by moral reformation depend on Van Peurseun cultural theory.
The hierarchy of laws and regulations, as stipulated in Article 7 of Law No. 12 of 2011, shows the types and levels of laws and regulations in force in Indonesia. In addition to the hierarchy regulated in Article 7, Article 8 paragraph (1) of Law No. 12 of 2011 also regulates other types of laws and regulations that are legally recognized. The existence of laws and regulations in Article 8, paragraph (1) has reaped a number of problems. One of them is the position of the regulation in the hierarchy of laws and regulations and the identification of which state ministries/institutions are entitled to issue regulations as referred to in Article 8 paragraph (1) of Law No.12 of 2011. This paper is a normative research study that uses a conceptual approach and a statutory approach. The results showed that the types of laws and regulations recognized according to Article 8 paragraph (1) of Law No. 12 of 2011 should only include Bank Indonesia Regulations, Ministerial Regulations, and Regional Head Regulations. Furthermore, the existence of Article 8 paragraph (1) will have an impact on the ambiguity of the preparation of laws and regulations based on the concept of Good Regulatory Practices.
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