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Objective The present study evaluated the profile of endoglin (CD105) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) based on staging and histopathological grading of colorectal cancer as well as their relationship with bevacizumab therapy. Methods A total of 88 cases of colorectal adenocarcinoma were included in the present study. The levels of VEGF and CD105 protein were evaluated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results There was a significant difference in the level of CD105 (p = 0.002) between metastases and non-metastases subjects, showing that CD105 was higher in metastases subjects (4.59 ng/ml). There was no significant difference in the level of VEGF based on the presence of metastasis (p = 0.625). There was a significant difference in the levels of CD105 (p = 0.038) and VEGF (p = 0.010) between the subjects who received chemotherapy and those who did not. The CD105 level was higher in the subjects who received chemotherapy (4.43 ng/ml); conversely, the level of VEGF was lower in subjects who received chemotherapy (543.65 pg/ml). There was a statistically significant difference in the levels of CD105 (p = 0.003) and VEGF (p = 0.002) between subjects who received bevacizumab therapy and subjects who did not. The levels of CD105 were higher in subjects who received bevacizumab therapy (5.11 ng/ml); in contrast, the level of VEGF was higher in subjects who did not receive bevacizumab therapy (645.92 pg/ml). There was a significant positive correlation between CD105 and VEGF in subjects who did not receive bevacizumab (p < 0.01). Conclusion The results of this study support a hypothesis of “escape mechanism” in the failure of anti-angiogenesis therapy (anti-VEGF).

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Introduction: One of the chronic kidney disease (CKD) manifestations is mineral disorder, such as phosphate and calcium. Phosphatonin levels are regulated by the hormone phosphatonin, which the most commonly associated with CKD is fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23), mainly synthesized by bone cells. The increase in FGF-23 in CKD subjects is a physiological response to stabilize phosphate levels. Several conditions can increase FGF-23 levels including age, body mass index (BMI), diabetes mellitus (DM), and hypertension. Objectives: This study aims to test the correlation between FGF-23 levels at various stages of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in CKD. Patients and Methods: This study is observational with a cross-sectional approach conducted at Wahidin Sudirohusodo and Unhas hospitals of Makassar. Subjects are CKD patients which meet inclusion criteria. Intact serum FGF-23 levels were measured using an ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) kit (Immutopics). Statistical analysis was conducted using ANOVA test, Mann-Whitney U, and Spearman’s correlation tests. Statistical results are considered significant if P<0.05. Results: The research was conducted on 78 subjects with CKD stages 3, 4 and 5, which consisted of 40 men and 38 women. The correlation test showed that the lower the GFR, the higher the FGF-23 level (P<0.05). No significant correlation between age, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension with FGF-23 were detected (P>0.05). Conclusion: We found that every increase in the CKD stages and decrease of GFR, would be associated with an increase in the plasma levels of FGF-23. However, FGF-23 plasma concentration had no significant correlation with age, BMI, DM, and hypertension.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) merupakan famili dari coronavirus, sudah dua kali menyababkan kejadian luar biasa  yaitu di tahun 2003 dengan SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) dan tahun 2012 dengan penyakit  MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome). Pada tahun 2019 SARS-CoV-2 telah menyebabkan pandemi global kembali. Pertama kali diidentifikasi di Wuhan, Cina. Dan telah menyebar ke seluruh negara dengan jumlah kasus yang terus meningkat secara eksponensial diseluruh dunia. Pada Maret 2020 oleh WHO dinyatakan pandemic. (Covid-19), menyebabkan pneumonia dan beberapa kondisi dapat terjadi Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) serta beberapa manifestasi ekstra paru, seperti kardiovaskular, saluran cerna, ginjal ,hematologi, sekuele akibat trombosis dan progresifitas disfungsi organ.1 Prognosis pada pasien Covid-19 salah satu tanda ,gejalanya adalah terjadinya gangguan koagulasi, yang ditandai dengan meningkatnya nilai D dimer sebagai tanda awal kondisi thrombosis dan  salah satunya dapat bermanifestasi sebagai Venous Thromboembolism (VTE). Pada pasien dengan Covid-19, kondisi koagulopati adalah salah satu kunci dan tanda persisten yang terkait dengan outcome yang buruk.1,2