This report describes our experience of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) creation as vascular access for hemodialysis (HD). Study has been carried out in Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital, Pune from January 2004 to December 2009. A total of 271 AVFs were created in 249 patients. Maximum follow up was 7 years and minimum was 1 year. In this study of 271 cases of AVFs, there were 196 (72.3%) successful cases and 75 (27.7%) failures. Basilic vein was used in 77 (28.4%) cases, cephalic vein in 186 (68.6%), and antecubital vein in 8 (3%) cases. End (vein) to side (artery) anastomosis was done in 170 (63%) cases. Side to side anastomosis was done in 100 (37%) cases. On table bruit was present in 244 (90%) and thrill in 232 (85.6%) cases. During dialysis, flow rate >250 ml/min was obtained in 136 (50.4%) cases. In complications, 16 (5.9%) patients developed distal edema, 32 (11.8%) developed steal phenomenon. Presence of on table thrill and bruit are indicators of successful AVF. If vein diameter is <2 mm, chances of AVF failure are high. During proximal side to side fistula between antecubital/basilic vein and brachial artery, breaking of first valve toward wrist helps to develop distal veins in forearm by retrograde flow. This technique avoids requirement of superficialization of basilic vein in arm.

Background:This study describes our experience of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) creation as vascular access for haemodialysis.Materials and Methods:This study has been carried out in our hospital from January 2004 to December 2012. A total of 505 AVFs were created in 443 patients. Maximum follow-up was 8 years, and minimum was 6 months.Observations and Results:In this study of 505 cases of AVFs, primary patency rates by Kaplan — Meier analysis showed 78.81% patency of fistulas at the end of 1 year and patency dropped to 14.81% at the end of 5 years. Our primary failure rate was 21.2%. Basilic vein was used in 26.35% cases, cephalic vein in 63.5%, and antecubital vein in 9.75% cases. On table, bruit was present in 459 (90.9%) and thrill in 451 (89.3%) cases. During dialysis, flow rate >250 ml/min was obtained in 150 (29.9%) cases. In complications, 2 (0.4%) patients developed distal oedema, 33 (6.5%) developed steal phenomenon.Conclusions:Presence of on table thrill and bruit are indicators of successful AVF. If vein diameter is <2 mm, chances of AVF failure are high. Flow rates in patients with vein diam. >2 mm were significantly higher as compared with patients with vein diam. <2 mm (P < 0.001). Flow rates are higher in non-diabetic patients as compared to diabetic patients (P < 0.001). Average blood urea and serum creatinine values are significantly lesser in patients undergoing dialysis through successful fistulas as compared to patients with failed fistulas. Correspondingly, incidence of deaths is significantly lesser in patients with successful fistulas. During proximal side-to-side fistula between antecubital/basilic vein and brachial artery, dilating of the first valve toward wrist helps to develop distal veins in the forearm by retrograde flow. This technique avoids requirement of superficialization of basilic vein in the arm.

Kidney Disease Quality of Life (KDQOL) instrument was designed to measure Quality of Life of kidney disease patients. KDQOL has been tested, translated and validated in many countries. KDQOL has not been translated into Marathi language. The primary purpose of this study was to validate Marathi version of KDQOL-SF TM and to evaluate its psychometric properties. This cross sectional study was conducted in two hospitals in Pune from April 2012 to March 2013. Translated Marathi KDQOL-SF TM was evaluated in 93 dialysis patients. Patients' average age was 57 ±12 years and 71% were males. Internal consistency reliability was found to be medium to high ranging from 0.5 to 0.9 except for social interaction. To investigate construct validity, overall health rating scale was correlated with kidney disease targeted scale and with quality of life (SF-36 scales). Significant (p <.05) correlations were observed except for cognitive function and social support. Patients with known hypertension, diabetes, low haemoglobin and dialyzing less than thrice a week showed lower score on physical function as compared to higher scores on physical function of patients with no known hypertension and diabetes, HB

Guide wires are frequently used in various endourologic procedures to access the upper as well as lower urinary tract. Flexible guide wires have lesser complication rate of tissue injury as compared to stiff guide wires. Flexible guide wires are however more prone to bending and kinking due to their mechanical properties. We report an unusual complication of knotting of flexible guide wires during endourologic procedure and the trick to remedy this problem. We have also discussed the structural design and mechanical properties of commonly used guide wires.

The progressive loss of kidney function is accompanied by metabolic acidosis. The relationship between metabolic acidosis, nutritional status, and oral bicarbonate supplementation has not been assessed in the Indian chronic kidney disease (CKD) population who are on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). This is a single-center prospective study conducted in the Western part of India. Thirty-five patients, who were receiving MHD were assessed for metabolic acidosis along with various nutritional parameters at the baseline and at the follow-up after 3 months, postcorrection of acidosis with oral sodium bicarbonate supplements. The relationship between the correction of metabolic acidosis with oral bicarbonate supplements and changes in dietary and various nutritional parameters were evaluated. Metabolic acidosis at the baseline evaluation was found in 62.86% cases of the cohort with a mean serum bicarbonate value of 20.18 ± 4.93 mmol/L. The correction of acidosis with increment in the mean dosage of oral sodium bicarbonate supplements from 0.69 ± 0.410 mmol/kg/day at baseline to 1.04 ± 0.612 mmol/kg/day, significantly reduced the prevalence of metabolic acidosis to 23.33% cases at the follow-up. Improvement in serum bicarbonate level showed significant dietary, anthropometric, and nutritional improvements in these patients. Hence, we conclude that correction of metabolic acidosis with optimal oral bicarbonate supplementation plays a pivotal role in the treatment of malnourished CKD patients on MHD.

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Introduction: Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) / Contrast inducedacute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is one of the most common causes of hospital-acquired AKI. Methods: This is a prospective, single center study of 774 consecutive patients (449 males and 325 females with mean age of 48.85 AE 14.05 years) who underwent iodinated contrast procedures with nonionic, low-osmolality iodinated contrast medium (Iomeprol) via IV and IA routes from 2013 to 2015 were included in the study. CIN was defined as a relative increase of $25% or an absolute increase of >0.5 mg/dL in serum creatinine levels within 2 days post-procedure. We recorded the baseline characteristics, laboratory parameters along with underlying renal injury risk factors; contrast administration volume, type, and route of administration; incidence of CIN and requirement of dialysis and use of prophylactic measures for CIN. Univariate and multivariate models were used to determine predictors of CIN. Results: The total incidence of CIN was 14.85% (115 patients) with the incidence being 77.4% following IA contrast administration versus 22.6% following IV contrast administration (p ¼ 0.001). Baseline eGFR was lower for patients undergoing IA contrast procedures (66.02 AE 23.70 ml/min/1.73m 2 vs 71.31AE24.07 ml/min/1.73m 2 , p¼0.002). The total risk of renal replacement therapy was 1.7% (13 patients) with the incidence being more in the IA group than the IV group (3.1% vs

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